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Click to add WeChatSulfide gold ore refers to gold ore containing sulfide minerals. It is an important type of gold resource, mainly composed of sulfur-containing minerals such as pyrite (FeS2) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and gold compounds. The gold content in this type of ore may be low, but the total amount is huge and has important economic value.
In these minerals, gold is closely combined with sulfide, but gold usually exists in the form of fine particles, which is difficult to effectively recover through traditional physical beneficiation methods. Therefore, chemical leaching technology is needed to extract gold. Let's take a look at what are the leaching technologies for sulfide gold ore?
Leaching technology is a mineral processing method that uses chemical reagents to react with valuable components in the ore, dissolve them into the solution, and then extract the valuable components from the ore through solid-liquid separation and other methods. In the leaching process of sulfide gold ore, commonly used chemical reagents include cyanide, thiourea, chloride, etc. These reagents can react chemically with the gold in the sulfide gold ore, dissolve the gold into the solution, and thus realize the extraction of gold.
Leaching gold extraction technology can process various types of sulfide gold ores, including low-grade and difficult-to-process ores. At the same time, leaching technology can also be combined with other mineral processing methods to improve the recovery rate of gold and have less impact on the environment. Compared with the complex pyrometallurgical process, wet leaching usually has simple equipment and convenient operation, especially when processing low-grade ores, wet leaching often has more economic advantages.
At present, common gold leaching methods include cyanide leaching, thiourea leaching, chlorination leaching, biological leaching, high-pressure oxidation leaching, etc.
Cyanide leaching is a leaching method that uses cyanide (such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, etc.) to react chemically with gold in sulfide gold ore to dissolve gold into the solution. Under appropriate conditions, cyanide can highly selectively dissolve gold while inhibiting the dissolution of other metal ions. It can be used for both coarse-grained and fine-grained ores, and is especially suitable for treating difficult-to-leach sulfide gold ores.
Cyanide leaching is one of the most widely used gold leaching methods, and the gold recovery rate can reach more than 90%. However, cyanide is toxic and has a certain impact on the environment. Therefore, when using the cyanide leaching method, strict environmental protection measures need to be taken to ensure that wastewater and waste residues are discharged in compliance with standards.
Thiourea leaching is a leaching method that uses thiourea (CS (NH₂)₂) to react chemically with gold in sulfide gold ore to dissolve gold into the solution. It is generally required to be carried out at a higher temperature (between 60-80°C), and the energy consumption is relatively high.
The leaching speed of thiourea leaching is faster than that of cyanide leaching, and a higher gold recovery rate can be achieved in a shorter time. It has less environmental pollution and can handle some complex ores that are insensitive to cyanide or contain a large number of interfering elements. In addition, the thiourea solution can be regenerated and recycled by electrolysis and other methods, reducing operating costs.
Chloride leaching is a leaching method that uses chlorides (such as chlorine, sodium chloride, ferric chloride, etc.) to react chemically with gold in sulfide gold ore to dissolve gold into the solution. It can be applied to various types of sulfide gold ores, including difficult-to-treat ores such as high arsenic, high sulfur, and high carbon.
Chloride leaching can leach gold in a wide pH range, has a strong ability to decompose sulfide minerals, and can simultaneously recover other valuable metals in the ore, such as copper, lead, zinc, etc., to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources. However, the chloride leaching method requires the use of corrosion-resistant equipment because chlorine and chloride are highly corrosive.
Bioleaching is a leaching method that uses the metabolism of microorganisms (such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, etc.) to dissolve the gold in sulfide gold ore into the solution. Microorganisms oxidize sulfide minerals to produce substances such as sulfuric acid and iron ions, which react chemically with gold to dissolve the gold into the solution. It has a good gold extraction effect on low-grade and difficult-to-select gold ores.
Bioleaching is a green and environmentally friendly leaching method that does not use toxic chemical reagents, does not pollute the environment, has low equipment investment and production costs, and is suitable for small-scale production.
High-pressure oxidation leaching is to use oxygen or air to oxidize the sulfide in the ore into sulfate under high temperature and high pressure conditions, so that the gold wrapped in it is exposed and dissolved by the subsequent cyanide leaching. Through strong oxidation, the sulfide can be effectively decomposed to release the internal gold. It is mainly suitable for treating difficult-to-leach sulfide gold ores that cannot be effectively recovered by conventional cyanide leaching. However, it requires a special high-pressure reactor and related supporting facilities, and the initial investment is relatively large.
The above is an introduction to 5 common gold ore leaching methods. In actual ore dressing plants,
Since each method has its own unique advantages and limitations, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the specific properties of the gold ore, the type of minerals contained, and the production conditions, and select a suitable method. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct a ore dressing test first, and design a suitable gold ore leaching process through experimental analysis.
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