Phosphate rock scrubbing method and process

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Phosphate rock is an important raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizers and other chemical products. It is mainly composed of apatite minerals, including fluoroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) and chloroapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl). In addition to phosphorus, phosphate rock may also contain various impurities such as iron, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium. These impurities not only affect the grade of phosphate rock, but also have adverse effects in the subsequent processing process. Therefore, they can be removed by scrubbing pretreatment. Let's learn about the phosphate rock scrubbing method and scrubbing process.

1. Phosphate rock scrubbing method

Phosphate rock scrubbing mainly uses mechanical force and water to remove clay, fine mud and other soluble impurities on the surface of the ore to improve the quality of the ore. Common scrubbing methods mainly include the following:

Wet scrubbing: is one of the commonly used phosphate ore scrubbing technologies. The phosphate ore is mixed with water and the surface of the ore is cleaned under stirring or vibration conditions. This method is usually carried out in a stirring tank or a vibrating screen. By adding an appropriate amount of water and applying a certain mechanical force (such as stirring and vibration) to make the ore rub against each other, the dirt and other fine impurities attached to the surface are removed. Sometimes detergents or dispersants are used in combination to enhance the cleaning effect.

Dry scrubbing: is a method of removing impurities on the surface of the ore directly by physical methods without using water media. The cleaning purpose is usually achieved by air flow impact, blades in the rotating cylinder driving the ore to roll and collide, etc. In some cases, the equipment can also be vibrated or shaken to promote friction between ores to achieve a cleaning effect. It is mostly suitable for phosphate rocks with low water content and not easy to agglomerate, and surface impurities are removed by air flow impact and other methods.

High-pressure water jet scrubbing: It uses the high-speed water flow generated by a high-pressure pump to directly spray onto the surface of the ore to peel off and wash away the attachments. High-pressure water guns can be used alone for fixed-point cleaning, or combined with a rotating device for all-round cleaning.

Chemical scrubbing: When encountering specific types of impurities, reactive cleaning can be performed by adding chemical reagents. Common chemical reagents include acids (such as sulfuric acid), alkalis (such as sodium hydroxide), and other cleaning agents designed specifically for a certain component. During the cleaning process, attention should be paid to controlling factors such as pH and temperature to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the chemical reaction.

2. Phosphate ore scrubbing process

The process of phosphate ore scrubbing usually includes raw material preparation, pre-soaking, scrubbing, graded dehydration, wastewater treatment and dry packaging.

Raw material preparation: Generally, the collected ore is first crushed and screened to remove large debris and ensure that the ore particle size meets the requirements of the scrubbing equipment.

Pre-soaking: Put the screened phosphate ore into the soaking tank and soak it in water for a certain period of time to fully soften the soil in the ore and separate it from the ore body. The soaking time depends on the nature of the ore.

Scrubbing:Wet scrubbing, dry scrubbing, pressurized water jet scrubbing and chemical scrubbing are selected according to the properties of the ore to complete the operation. Most of the scrubbing processes only use water as a medium, which reduces the use of chemicals and is beneficial to environmental protection. Compared with other complex physical or chemical treatment methods, scrubbing technology is simple to operate and low in cost.

Grading and dehydration:After scrubbing, the slurry needs to be separated by a classifier to remove fine particles. At the same time, the coarse particles are recovered by sedimentation or other dehydration equipment to obtain a relatively pure phosphate product.

Wastewater treatment:The wastewater generated during the scrubbing process contains a large amount of suspended solids, which must be purified by sedimentation, filtration and other treatment measures before it can be discharged. In addition, water resource consumption can be reduced through a recycling system.

Drying and packaging: Dry the cleaned phosphate rock to a certain moisture content standard, and then package and store it according to demand or directly enter the next process such as crushing, flotation, etc.

The above is an introduction to the phosphate rock scrubbing method and process. In the actual mineral processing plant, since each method has its own unique advantages and limitations, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the specific properties of the phosphate rock, the type of impurities and the production conditions to select a suitable scrubbing method. It is recommended to conduct a ore dressing test first, and design a suitable phosphate rock scrubbing process through experimental analysis.