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Click to add WeChatPhosphorus is an important raw material for phosphate fertilizer, medicine, food, dye, sugar, ceramics, national defense and other industrial fields. The main source of phosphorus is phosphate rock. my country's phosphate rock is mainly composed of medium-sedimentary phosphorite deposits. Most of this type of phosphate rock resources are medium- and low-grade ores with high silicon and magnesium impurity content. In addition, useful minerals are generally closely combined with gangue minerals, with fine embedded particles, homogeneous colloids or cryptocrystalline, microcrystalline, and not easy to dissociate. Generally, the grinding fineness needs to reach -200 mesh and the mass fraction is greater than 90% to dissociate the monomer. Therefore, flotation is often used as the main mineral processing scheme. Let's take a look at the common phosphate rock flotation methods and commonly used flotation reagents.
At present, the commonly used methods for flotation of collophanite in my country are direct flotation and direct and reverse combined flotation.
The direct flotation process has a strong adaptability to the fine-grained siliceous-calcium collophanite. This is because the floatability of siliceous gangue and calcic collophanite is very different. The use of a suitable reagent system can well separate useful minerals and gangue minerals. The direct flotation process is simple and the impurity separation efficiency is high. The process is to first grind the phosphate rock to dissociate the monomers, add water to the slurry to a certain concentration, use a specific collector to enrich the useful phosphate minerals in the foam product, and use a specific agent to inhibit the silicate, carbonate and other gangue minerals in the phosphate rock.
However, the carbonate content of domestic phosphate rock is relatively high, and the floatability of carbonate is similar to that of apatite. When silicate minerals and carbonate minerals appear at the same time, the quality of the positive flotation process product is often not high.
As the properties of collophanite ore continue to change, it is difficult to obtain qualified phosphate concentrate using the forward flotation process alone, let alone high-quality phosphate concentrate. Therefore, the combined process of forward flotation and reverse flotation can be used to treat collophanite. During flotation, the combined method needs to be selected according to the properties of the phosphate ore. Common combined methods include forward-reverse flotation, reverse-forward flotation, double reverse flotation and double reverse-forward flotation.
Reverse flotation: Mixed acid (sulfuric acid: phosphoric acid-2:1) is used as pH adjuster and phosphate mineral inhibitor, HY-1 is used as carbonate collector for reverse flotation to remove carbonate, and then NaOH and sodium carbonate are used as pH adjusters, water glass and sodium hexametaphosphate are used as silicate mineral inhibitors, and HP-1 is used as phosphate collector for forward flotation to obtain phosphate concentrate.
Direct and reverse flotation:When the siliceous calcium collophosphate is finely embedded and interwoven with the gangue minerals, the direct and reverse flotation process can be used. In direct flotation, sodium carbonate and water glass combined inhibitors are used to strengthen the separation of collophosphate and silicate minerals. In reverse flotation, PA-64 is used as a carbonate mineral collector to remove oxide ores.
Reverse reverse flotation:First, reverse flotation carbonates, then desludging to remove some impurities, and then reverse flotation to remove silicates. The code name of the carbonate mineral collector for reverse flotation is PA-31.
Reverse reverse flotation:Since the gangue minerals of phosphate ore in my country are mainly carbonate and silicate minerals, and the phosphate ore in a few areas also contains carbonaceous and sulfide minerals, reverse reverse flotation is to add forward flotation on the basis of reverse reverse flotation, and its purpose is to remove carbonaceous ores or sulfide ores in the minerals. The process can first use kerosene reverse flotation to remove mud and carbon, then use sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid mixed acid as the regulator and inhibitor for reverse flotation to remove carbonate, and use modified fatty acid HQ as the collector for reverse flotation to remove carbonate, and finally use water glass to inhibit silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose inhibitor (S-2) to inhibit carbonate, and fatty acid soap S-1 to collect apatite by positive flotation to obtain phosphate concentrate.
In the early days, the commonly used flotation reagents in phosphate ore concentrators were mainly oleic acid, fatty acids, primary amines, water glass, etc. These reagents have poor selectivity and high consumption. With the continuous research and innovation of technicians, more and more reagents are used for phosphate ore flotation. At present, there are anionic collectors and cationic collectors.
Commonly used collophanite anion collectors are fatty acids and their saponification products. These collectors have poor selectivity, are not resistant to low temperatures, and are sensitive to metal ions in ore mud and pulp. Therefore, mineral processing workers have been looking for their substitutes. In recent years, hydroxamic acid, sulfonate, and phosphate anion collectors have been gradually applied to the flotation process of collophanite.
Cationic collectors are mainly used for reverse flotation to remove siliceous gangue from collophanite. This type of flotation process is widely used abroad, especially for reverse flotation of iron ore. Commonly used amine collectors abroad are mainly amides, etheramines, polyamines, etc.
The above is an introduction to the flotation process and flotation reagents of collophanite. In actual mineral processing plants, how to choose flotation processes and reagents depends on the properties of collophanite ore. Therefore, mineral processing test analysis is required. Through analysis, suitable collophanite mineral processing process plans and reasonable reagent types can be designed to obtain ideal investment returns.
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