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Click to add WeChatTungsten is a rare metal with strategic significance. To apply tungsten to industry, a series of technologies are needed to extract it from large ore blocks. The tungsten beneficiation process is usually more complicated, mainly because tungsten is mostly present in minerals in the form of fine particles and often coexists with other minerals. It needs to be crushed and then separated and purified. The beneficiation process of tungsten ore usually includes three stages: pre-selection operation, selection operation and dehydration operation. Let's learn about it together!
The main purpose of this stage is to crush and grind the mined tungsten ore to achieve a selectable particle size. The process can include two major parts: crushing and screening and grinding and grading.
The purpose of tungsten ore crushing and screening is to crush and screen large pieces of tungsten ore to reduce the mineral particle size and make it reach the particle size suitable for subsequent mineral processing. Generally, there are one-stage closed-circuit crushing and two-stage closed-circuit crushing processes according to the crushing conditions. Taking the two-stage process as an example, the process is: the large ore blocks after mining are fed into the jaw crusher for preliminary crushing to reduce their particle size, and the crushed products are sent to the vibrating screen for screening to divide the ore into different particle size levels. The screened material is returned to the crusher for further crushing, and the screened material enters the medium crushing stage. The required equipment is a cone crusher or impact crusher to achieve a smaller particle size.
Grinding and classification is an important stage before tungsten ore enters the selection process. It is the premise for determining whether good mineral processing indicators can be obtained. If the grinding and classification operation cannot achieve monomer dissociation between minerals, its selection efficiency will be greatly reduced. In this stage, considering the brittleness and easy crushing of tungsten, the one-stage grinding or stage grinding process is often used. The steps are as follows: the qualified materials after crushing and screening are fed into the ball mill (or rod mill) for grinding, and the ground materials are fed into the cyclone or classifier for classification. Fine qualified materials are discharged from the overflow process, while unqualified materials are discharged from the bottom material and returned to the ball mill for re-grinding to meet the particle size requirements.
Tungsten ore beneficiation stage is mainly based on the properties of tungsten ore. Common beneficiation methods are mainly gravity separation, flotation, and magnetic separation.
Tungsten ore gravity separation method is mainly based on the difference in density between tungsten minerals and gangue or other minerals, and separation is achieved by using the gravity field. According to the different gravity separation particle sizes, there are jigging gravity separation, shaking table gravity separation and spiral chute gravity separation.
Jig Separation:Use jigs for rough separation and separate minerals according to density.
Shaking Table Separation:Use shaking tables to select fine-grained minerals and improve the grade of tungsten minerals.
Spiral Chute Separation:Use water flow and gravity in spiral chutes to achieve mineral stratification.
Tungsten ore flotation mainly uses the difference in physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface for sorting, especially for the beneficiation of fine-grained tungsten and scheelite. The process is to mix the qualified materials after grinding and add flotation agents as needed. During the flotation process, the mineral floats up under the action of bubbles to form a foam layer, which is used as tungsten concentrate to be processed, while the mineral that does not float up is discharged as tailings. Commonly used flotation methods include direct flotation, priority flotation, mixed flotation and carrier flotation, etc.
Direct flotation:Use a specific collector to directly float tungsten minerals.
Priority flotation:First float a portion of easily floatable minerals, then float tungsten minerals.
Mixed flotation:Float tungsten minerals together with other minerals, and then separate them through subsequent processes.
Carrier flotation:Use easily floatable minerals as carriers to drive tungsten minerals to float together.
Magnetic separation is a separation method that uses the magnetic difference of minerals. Since some tungsten ores contain a small amount of magnetic minerals (such as magnetite, hematite, and limonite), magnetic separation can be completed, which can effectively separate the magnetic minerals from the non-magnetic minerals in tungsten ore. Commonly used methods include dry magnetic separation, wet magnetic separation, high gradient magnetic separation, and magnetic drum method.
Dry magnetic separation: Under water-free conditions, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic separator is used to adsorb magnetic minerals, which is suitable for the separation of coarse or medium-grained magnetic minerals.
Wet magnetic separation: Magnetic separation is carried out in the presence of water. Non-magnetic minerals are taken away by water flow, and magnetic minerals are adsorbed on the magnetic separator. It is suitable for the separation of fine-grained minerals.
High gradient magnetic separation: Using a high gradient magnetic separator, the separation efficiency is improved through a strong magnetic field and fine-grained media. It is suitable for removing trace magnetic impurities and improving the quality of tungsten concentrate.
Magnetic drum: It is suitable for dry magnetic separation of medium-grained minerals. The magnetic field generated on the drum surface adsorbs magnetic minerals.
The tungsten ore dehydration process is mainly divided into two parts, namely tungsten concentrate dehydration and tailings dehydration. The concentrate dehydration is to concentrate, filter and dry the collected foam to obtain tungsten concentrate; while the tailings dehydration is to dehydrate the tailings produced after selection to meet environmental protection requirements. This link mainly adopts different dehydration methods or combined dehydration methods according to the requirements of the dehydration rate to achieve the purpose. The commonly used equipment mainly includes concentrator, hydrocyclone, dehydration screen, filter and filter press, etc.
The above is the principle process of tungsten ore dressing plant. As for how to choose the process, it depends on the properties of tungsten ore. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct ore dressing tests, and design suitable tungsten ore dressing process through test analysis. At the same time, suitable tungsten ore dressing equipment can also be designed according to the process.
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