What are the gravity separation methods for tungsten fine mud?

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As an important strategic resource, tungsten ore is the focus of development in my country. However, as time goes by, easy-to-select tungsten ores and rich tungsten ores have been mined and utilized in large quantities. Tungsten resources are tending to be "poor, fine, and mixed". Therefore, the development and utilization of this type of tungsten ore is imminent. Tungsten fine mud is a kind of difficult-to-select tungsten ore and a tungsten resource with mining value. For tungsten fine mud, the commonly used mineral processing processes include gravity separation, magnetic separation and flotation. The following article will focus on the tungsten fine mud gravity separation method.

Gravity separation of tungsten fine mud is mainly based on the density difference between minerals. Common tungsten fine mud gravity separation methods mainly include centrifuge gravity separation method and spiral chute gravity separation.

1. Tungsten fine mud centrifuge gravity separation method

Centrifuge gravity separation of tungsten fine mud is to feed the slurry into the centrifuge, pass through the drum to form a flow film, and at the same time, the circular tangential motion caused by the rotation of the drum and the axial motion along the inclined surface of the drum wall force the ore particles to be separated according to their own gravity. Due to the centrifugal force, the stratification speed is increased, so that the heavy particles and light particles are separated. The heavy particles are deposited on the drum wall to obtain concentrate, and the light particles are carried out by the liquid flow with the upper layer of the flow film, and finally the separation purpose is achieved.

When the centrifugal concentrator is gravity-selected, it can strengthen the rough selection of fine mud with high tungsten and tin content. Generally, the centrifuge is used for rough selection of fine mud, with an enrichment ratio of 3~6 times and a recovery rate of 75%~80%; for fine selection, the enrichment ratio can reach 3~5 times, the recovery rate can reach 85%~90%, and the comprehensive recovery rate of tungsten fine mud can reach more than 66%.

Although the process flow of centrifugal concentrator gravity separation is simple and the production capacity is large, whether the centrifuge can obtain higher mineral processing indicators during heavy operation depends on the feed concentration, feed time, rinsing water volume and centrifuge speed of the tungsten fine mud mineral.

For example: In a tungsten fine mud beneficiation project, after beneficiation analysis, it was finally determined that under the condition of WO₃5.087%~15.01%, tungsten concentrate with WO₃ grade of 12.94%~20.33% and recovery rate of 79.58%~95.2% was obtained.

2. Tungsten fine mud spiral chute gravity separation method

Spiral chute gravity separation of tungsten fine mud is carried out by using the difference in gravity, inertial centrifugal force, water flow force and trough surface friction of mineral particles with different specific gravity to separate. During operation, the slurry moves in two directions in the spiral trough. First, it moves obliquely downward along the trough surface around the vertical axis of the spiral trough, and second, it is the radial exchange movement of the inner and outer edge fluids, also known as secondary circulation movement. Combining the two, the slurry moves in a spiral line in the chute. According to the principle of flow film sorting, heavy particles settle into the bottom of the flow film, and are subject to large friction resistance at the bottom of the trough, but are subject to small liquid flow and centrifugal inertia, and tend to move toward the inner edge of the trough; while light particles with low density are subject to the opposite force, and are easily suspended on the surface of the flow film and thrown to the outer edge with the liquid flow, thus finally achieving the sorting of mineral particles with different specific gravities.

The spiral chute gravity separation operation has a simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance, large processing capacity per unit area, and low energy consumption. Because the recovery lower limit particle size of the spiral chute can be as low as 0.03mm. Therefore, it is not only widely used in the recovery of tungsten fine mud, but also suitable for the rough selection of tungsten fine mud.

For example: a certain tungsten fine mud is re-selected by a rotating spiral chute. When the feed grade is WO₃0.3%, the feed concentration is 25%~35%, and the processing capacity is 120~180kg/t, the tungsten concentrate with a WO₃ grade of 1.3% can be obtained.

The above is the commonly used re-selection process for tungsten fine mud. In actual ore selection, since the tungsten metal in the tungsten fine mud accounts for about 11%~14% of the tungsten content in the original ore, the recovery rate of the traditional re-selection process for tungsten fine mud does not exceed 45%. In order to better recover this part of the precious tungsten resources, it is necessary to obtain a more ideal tungsten concentrate through a combined ore dressing method.