Method of flotation of tungsten with fine tungsten mud

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Wolframite is a high-density oxidized mineral. With the large-scale development, the abundant wolframite is becoming less and less, which is not enough to support the current market demand for tungsten. Therefore, fine-grained wolframite is developed, but the sludge phenomenon of this kind of wolframite is serious and it is difficult to select. There is a density difference between wolframite itself and its semi-raw minerals, so gravity separation method is often used to select wolframite, but the fine tungsten mud (<74μm particle size) has a small particle size, the specific surface area of each mineral increases, and the movement difference between particles becomes smaller. Gravity separation cannot effectively obtain high-grade wolframite. Therefore, flotation is used as the main means of recovery of fine tungsten mud.

According to the different mineral properties of fine tungsten mud, the flotation processes that can be used include selective flocculation, carrier flotation, oil agglomeration flotation, flotation column separation process, etc.

1. Selective flocculation flotation of tungsten fine mud

Selective flocculation flotation of tungsten fine mud is to add appropriate adjusters (pH adjusters and gangue dispersants) to the high-speed stirred slurry to make various minerals in a dispersed state, and then add selective flocculants to make the target minerals flocculate into agglomerates and the gangue minerals in a dispersed state. According to the properties of the ore, various separation methods (gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation, etc.) are used to separate the target minerals from the gangue minerals. For example, a mixed black tungsten fine mud mine uses Na₂CO₃, (NaPO₃)₆ and FD combined flocculants to effectively separate black tungsten fine mud from four kinds of gangue mixed ores: quartz, fluorite, garnet and calcite; or sodium oleate can be used as a collector, and polyacrylic acid (PAA) can be used to flocculate fine black tungsten. Under the condition of pH 6.8, fine black tungsten with a particle size of -2μm can be recovered.

2. Carrier flotation of black tungsten fine mud

Carrier flotation of black tungsten fine mud uses mineral particles of general flotation particle size as carriers to make fine particles float on the carrier. The carrier can be the same mineral or a different mineral. When in a styrenephosphonic acid solution with a pH of 8, -0.005mm fine wolframite can adhere to coarse wolframite. Coarse wolframite is the carrier of -0.005mm wolframite, while -0.005mm quartz and the surface of coarse wolframite repel each other. Fine quartz is difficult to adhere to coarse wolframite and difficult to heteroagglomerate with fine wolframite, thus achieving effective separation of fine wolframite and quartz.

3. Agglomeration flotation black tungsten fine mud

Agglomeration flotation black tungsten fine mud uses reagents to change the surface properties of fine-grained minerals, forming hydrophobicity, and then agglomerating into larger agglomerates in the slurry. These agglomerates are more easily captured by bubbles and float up. There are two methods: oil agglomeration flotation and hydrophobic agglomeration flotation.

Oil agglomeration flotation: uses neutral oil (vegetable oil, mineral oil or synthetic oil) as the agglomeration medium. These oils can improve the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface, so that the mineral particles aggregate to form large and solid spherical clusters. This flotation not only separates the mineral particles, but also performs dehydration operations, which simplifies the solid-liquid separation process, but the amount of reagents used is large and the cost is high.

Hydrophobic agglomeration flotation: It means first using a slurry agent to make the fine-grade minerals and gangue minerals completely separated, then using an effective surfactant to make the surface of the target mineral hydrophobic, and then adding non-polar oil as a bridging medium. Under the action of the shear force field, the target mineral with hydrophobic surface is aggregated into agglomerates, and then separated from the gangue minerals by conventional processes.

4. Flotation of black tungsten fine mud

This process uses a microbubble flotation column to recover fine black tungsten fine mud ore. During operation, microbubbles are mainly used to enhance the capture of fine minerals to improve the recovery rate, and the foam zone washing water is used to reduce the inclusion of gangue minerals to improve the concentrate grade.

The above is an introduction to the four methods of flotation of black tungsten fine mud. In addition, there are also two-liquid separation, ion flotation and other process flows. However, in actual mineral processing plants, how to select the process flow for black tungsten fine mud needs to be considered based on the properties of black tungsten ore, mud content and other aspects. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct mineral processing tests and design a reasonable black tungsten fine mud flotation process through experimental analysis.

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