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Click to add WeChatMost limonite exists in the form of 2Fe2O3.3H2O, with a yellowish brown, dark brown to brownish black color, weak to medium magnetic properties, and most of them contain a lot of ore mud, which is a difficult iron ore to be selected. According to the classification of the beneficiation stage, there are several parts, including pre-selection, sorting and dehydration. Then the conventional limonite beneficiation equipment is introduced according to this classification.
The pre-selection stage of limonite mainly includes crushing and screening, grinding and classification, and pre-de-sludge removal.
1. Limonite Crushing and Screening
According to the properties of the ore, the two-stage crushing process is often used, and the three-stage crushing process is occasionally used. During the process, the material is fed into the first stage crusher for primary crushing, and the crushed product is screened. The screened material is returned to the first stage for further crushing, and the screened material is fed into the second stage crusher by a belt conveyor for fine crushing. Qualified minerals enter the next stage. The limonite beneficiation equipment at this stage includes: crusher and screening machine.
Crusher: Usually the first stage crushing mostly uses a jaw crusher for coarse crushing, and the second and third stages often use a cone crusher for fine crushing.
Screening machine:According to the required screening particle size requirements, there are several types of circular vibrating screens, linear vibrating screens and automatic center vibrating screens. Among them, circular vibrating screens are suitable for coarse screening or grading, linear screens are suitable for desludging or fine screening, and self-determined center screens are suitable for fine screening.
2. Limonite grinding and grading
Grinding and grading is a link to further crush the ore particles after crushing and screening, so that they can be fully separated into monomers. This link can also adopt two-stage grinding, three-stage grinding or stage grinding process according to the properties of the ore and the requirements of mineral processing. After the qualified materials after crushing and screening are fed into the ball mill by the feeder for primary grinding, the minerals are fed into the grading equipment for grading, the qualified products are ground in the second stage, and the unqualified materials are returned to the first stage ball mill for re-grinding, and the three-stage grinding is analogous. The limonite beneficiation equipment at this stage includes: ball mill and classifier.
Ball mill: There are two types: grid type and overflow type ball mill. The former is suitable for one-stage coarse grinding, and the latter is suitable for two- and three-stage fine grinding.
Classifier: There are two types of equipment: cyclone and spiral classifier. The former is used with overflow type ball mill for fine grinding and classification; the latter is used with grid type for coarse grinding and classification.
3. Limonite Desludging Pretreatment
Before beneficiation, if the limonite contains a lot of mud, it needs to be desludified. Generally, a stone washer can be used for desludging to improve the grade of subsequent beneficiation concentrate. The limonite beneficiation equipment at this stage includes: stone washer and some auxiliary equipment.
Stone washer: There are conventional stone washers or linear screens for desludging.
Auxiliary equipment: Common feeders and belt conveyors.
According to the different mineralization conditions of limonite and the composition of limonite ore, gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and combined beneficiation processes can be used for separation.
Gravity separation is generally suitable for processing limonite with coarse embedded particle size, including washing, jigging and heavy medium separation. For fine-grained minerals, spiral separation and shaking table separation can be used. However, it is difficult to obtain an ideal recovery rate with single gravity separation, and it is usually used in combination with other processes. The limonite separation equipment at this stage includes: jigging machine, shaking table, spiral classifier, heavy medium cyclone, etc.
Jig: There are two types of jigs: coarse-grained jigs and fine-grained jigs. The former is suitable for a particle size range of 10-30mm, and the latter is suitable for a particle size range of 0-10mm.
Shaking table: Suitable for processing limonite gravity separation in the range of 2mm, but before concentration, desludging (cyclone) treatment is required.
Spiral chute: Suitable for processing limonite gravity separation in the range of less than 0.6mm and low mud content in the ore.
Heavy medium cyclone: Suitable for re-selection of limonite with a particle size range of 0.5~100mm.
2. Magnetic separation equipment for limonite
Limonite is a weakly magnetic mineral, so strong magnetic separation is often used for separation. It is mainly suitable for magnetic separation of limonite with a particle size range of -10mm. The separation effect is poor for finer particles (-20um iron minerals), and the separation needs to be completed through a combined beneficiation process. The limonite beneficiation equipment at this stage includes: permanent magnetic roller magnetic separator, dry magnetic separator, magnetic drum, wet strong magnetic separator, etc.
Permanent Magnetic Roller Magnetic Separator:Practically handles dry separation of each particle size.
Wet Strong Magnetic Separator:When separating limonite, the magnetic field strength should reach 8×105A/m.
Dry Magnetic Separator:Suitable for separation of limonite with a particle size of less than 30mm.
Magnetic Drum:Suitable for dry pre-selection before entering the mill, with a particle size of 300mm.
There are two methods for limonite flotation: positive flotation and reverse flotation. During flotation, since the limonite ore has a loose particle size and a large specific surface area, it is easy to consume reagents during the flotation process, so a multi-stage dosing and multi-stage separation method is required. The limonite beneficiation equipment at this stage includes two types: mechanical stirring flotation machine and aeration stirring flotation machine.
Mechanical stirring flotation machine:SF type, JJF type and BF type, among which SF type and JJF type are mainly used for roughing and scavenging operations; BF type is mainly used for roughing.
Aerated stirring flotation machine:XCF type, KYF type and XCF-KYF combination type, among which XCF type and KYF type can be used for roughing and scavenging operations, and the combination type can be used for roughing, scavenging and concentrating operations.
Common limonite combined beneficiation methods mainly include gravity separation-strong magnetic separation, selective flocculation flotation, flocculation-strong magnetic separation, magnetization roasting-magnetic separation, flotation-strong magnetic separation and gravity separation-strong magnetic separation. The specific process selection needs to be determined based on the analysis of the beneficiation test.
In the limonite combined beneficiation process, the commonly used beneficiation equipment is the same as above. The specific equipment selection needs to be determined according to the beneficiation process.
Xinhai Mining can conduct mineral processing test analysis for various limonite ores, and customize suitable limonite mineral processing technology processes, mineral processing plant construction plans, and complete sets of limonite mineral processing equipment production and procurement. In addition, it can also carry out mineral processing plant equipment installation and commissioning and later project operation management, that is, provide full mining industry chain services (EPC+M+O).
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