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Click to add WeChatVanadium-titanium magnetite is a complex polymetallic ore, and its main feature is the complex and diverse mineral composition. In addition to containing a large amount of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) as the main iron mineral component, it is also accompanied by rich ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and a certain amount of vanadium. These useful minerals are usually closely symbiotic. In addition, there are a variety of gangue minerals in the ore, such as feldspar, quartz, pyroxene, olivine, etc. The embedded particle size of vanadium-titanium magnetite is uneven, ranging from coarse particles to fine particles, which makes its beneficiation difficult. This question is about the vanadium-titanium magnetite beneficiation method and process analysis!
Magnetic separation is a method of beneficiation using the magnetic difference between minerals. For vanadium-titanium magnetite, magnetite has strong magnetism, while ilmenite has weak magnetism, and gangue minerals are mostly non-magnetic or weakly magnetic. In the magnetic separation process, the ore pulp or dry ore powder after crushing and grinding is sent into the magnetic field of the magnetic separator. The strongly magnetic magnetite will be adsorbed on the magnetic pole by the magnetic field. With the rotation of the magnetic pole or the flow of the ore pulp, the adsorbed magnetite is separated from the non-magnetic or weakly magnetic minerals, thereby achieving the initial enrichment of the magnetite.
Magnetic separation is generally suitable for roughing and concentrating magnetite in vanadium-titanium magnetite. It is widely used in the early stage of the beneficiation process to quickly improve the iron grade of iron concentrate and reduce the processing volume of subsequent beneficiation processes.
This method has a simple process, convenient equipment operation, low energy consumption, and can quickly and effectively separate most magnetite from the original ore. However, the separation effect is limited for weakly magnetic ilmenite and ilmenite closely associated with magnetite, and it is difficult to obtain high-purity titanium concentrate.
Flotation is based on the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface, especially the wettability of the mineral surface. In the flotation process of vanadium-titanium magnetite, for the flotation of ilmenite, a suitable collector is usually used to make its surface hydrophobic. Generally, commonly used fatty acid and phosphonic acid collectors react with metal ions on the surface of ilmenite under alkaline conditions to make its surface hydrophobic; phosphonic acid collectors make it hydrophobic by forming chemical bonds with titanium ions on the surface of ilmenite. At the same time, adding a foaming agent (such as pine oil) produces a large number of stable bubbles, and the hydrophobic ilmenite particles adhere to the bubbles and float to the surface of the slurry with the bubbles to form a foam layer, while the gangue minerals remain in the slurry. For the recovery of vanadium, during the iron and titanium beneficiation process, vanadium will be enriched in the corresponding concentrate or tailings with the separation of the main minerals, and then it can be extracted by further chemical treatment or special flotation process.
Flotation is mainly suitable for further separation of ilmenite and gangue minerals after magnetic separation to improve the grade of titanium concentrate, and is used to process vanadium-titanium magnetite with fine embedded particle size and complex mineral composition.
This method has high sorting accuracy and can effectively separate ilmenite and gangue minerals, but the cost of flotation reagents is high, and some reagents are toxic, which has potential hazards to the environment and the health of operators.
Gravity separation is based on the difference in mineral density. Under the action of external forces such as gravity field or centrifugal field, mineral particles of different densities are layered or graded according to density, thereby achieving mineral separation. In vanadium-titanium magnetite, the density of magnetite is about 5.2g/cm³, the density of ilmenite is about 4.7g/cm³, and the density of gangue minerals is generally between 2.6-3.3g/cm³. In the process of gravity separation, through the action of water flow or mechanical force, such as the use of periodic up and down alternating water flow in the jig, and the combined action of horizontal water flow and vertical shaking in the shaking table, the high-density magnetite and ilmenite particles tend to be enriched at the bottom of the equipment or in a specific area, while the low-density gangue minerals are separated.
Gravity separation of vanadium-titanium magnetite is mostly suitable for the pretreatment stage of vanadium-titanium magnetite beneficiation, especially for coarse-grained ores. It can be used as an effective means to initially enrich useful minerals and discard a large amount of gangue minerals, reducing the processing volume and cost of subsequent beneficiation processes.
This method is simple in process, low in cost and environmentally friendly, but the recovery effect of fine-grained minerals is poor, the separation accuracy is relatively low, and it is difficult to obtain high-grade concentrates.
Crushing: The raw ore must first be crushed, generally using jaw crushers, cone crushers and other equipment. The jaw crusher is used to coarsely crush large pieces of vanadium-titanium magnetite ore. Its working principle is to crush the ore through the extrusion of the moving jaw plate and the static jaw plate. During the crushing process, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the feeding speed and the size of the discharge port to ensure the uniformity of the particle size of the crushed product and the stable operation of the equipment.
Grinding: The crushed ore enters the ball mill for grinding, the purpose of which is to fully dissociate the useful minerals from the gangue minerals in the vanadium-titanium magnetite. Usually, equipment such as ball mills are used, and the grinding fineness must be controlled during grinding. For vanadium-titanium magnetite, it is generally required that the content of -0.074mm in the grinding product accounts for about 60%-80%. During the grinding process, the grinding efficiency can be improved by adding grinding aids and other methods. At the same time, attention should be paid to the selection and supplement of grinding media to ensure the stability of the grinding effect.
Magnetic separation stage: It is divided into two parts: weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation. The purpose of weak magnetic separation is to quickly enrich magnetite. The magnetic field strength is generally between 80-200mT. Under the action of a weak magnetic field, the strongly magnetic magnetite is adsorbed on the magnetic pole to form an iron concentrate product, while the ilmenite and gangue minerals remain in the slurry and enter the next selection process as weak magnetic separation tailings; strong magnetic separation further separates the weakly magnetic ilmenite from the gangue minerals. The general magnetic field strength is between 400-1200mT.
Flotation stage:It mainly consists of ferrotitanium flotation and vanadium flotation. Ferrotanium flotation first needs to adjust the pH value of the slurry, generally between 8-10; vanadium flotation is during the iron and titanium beneficiation process, vanadium will be enriched in the corresponding concentrate or tailings. If further vanadium recovery is required, vanadium flotation can be performed on specific intermediate products or tailings.
Gravity selection stage:In the early or late stages of the beneficiation process, gravity selection can be arranged according to the properties of the ore and process requirements. For example, in the ore preparation stage, for coarse-grained vanadium-titanium magnetite, gravity separation equipment such as jigs or shaking tables can be used for pre-selection to remove a large amount of gangue minerals and improve the grade of the selected ore. In the later stage, gravity separation can also be used for reprocessing if coarse useful minerals or gangue minerals in flotation concentrates or tailings need to be further separated. During the gravity separation process, gravity separation equipment and operating parameters such as water flow rate and bed slope should be reasonably selected according to the density difference and particle size distribution of the minerals.
Concentration: Both the selected concentrate and tailings need to be dehydrated. First, a concentrator is used for concentration. Through gravity sedimentation, the solid particles in the slurry are precipitated at the bottom of the concentrator, and the clear water on the top overflows and is discharged.
Filtration: The concentrated slurry is then filtered through a filter to further remove the water in it. Commonly used filters include vacuum filters and filter presses. The vacuum filter uses vacuum suction to extract the water in the slurry through the filter medium (such as filter cloth), and the solid particles remain on the filter cloth to form a filter cake. The filter press squeezes out the water in the slurry through pressure to obtain a filter cake with low water content. During the filtration process, attention should be paid to selecting the appropriate filter medium and filtration pressure to improve the filtration efficiency and reduce the water content of the filter cake.
Drying: For some situations where the water content of the concentrate is very low, such as in special application fields such as powder metallurgy, the filtered concentrate needs to be dried. Drying can be carried out by using equipment such as a dryer to evaporate the water in the concentrate by heating. During the drying process, attention should be paid to controlling the drying temperature and time to avoid excessively high temperatures that may affect the quality of the concentrate, such as causing mineral oxidation and changes in the crystal structure.
The above detailed introduction to the beneficiation and process of vanadium-titanium magnetite can provide comprehensive theoretical guidance and practical reference for the beneficiation of vanadium-titanium magnetite, which will help promote the continuous development of vanadium-titanium magnetite beneficiation technology and the efficient use of resources.
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