Iron ore dephosphorization process

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Phosphorus in phosphorus-containing iron ore mainly exists in the form of phosphate, and the presence of phosphorus directly affects the quality of iron ore. Therefore, dephosphorization treatment is required. At present, the common iron ore dephosphorization processes include flotation, magnetic separation, chemical leaching, oxidation roasting-magnetic separation combined method and microbial method.

1. Iron ore flotation dephosphorization process

Iron ore flotation dephosphorization mainly utilizes the difference in physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface. By adding specific flotation agents, the surface of the target mineral is made hydrophobic. Air is introduced into the flotation machine to form bubbles. The hydrophobic mineral particles adhere to the bubbles and then float up to form a foam layer, which is separated from the hydrophilic gangue minerals. For phosphorus-containing iron ore, a collector with selective adsorption of phosphorus-containing minerals can be selected to float out the phosphorus-containing minerals to achieve the purpose of dephosphorization.

Generally speaking, flotation is suitable for processing fine-grained iron ore, which can effectively separate phosphorus-containing minerals and iron minerals. However, the flotation method requires the use of a large amount of reagents, which is costly and produces a certain amount of wastewater that needs to be treated.

2. Iron ore magnetic separation dephosphorization process

Iron ore magnetic separation dephosphorization is based on the magnetic difference between iron and phosphorus minerals. The iron in the mineral has a strong magnetism, while the phosphorus-containing minerals are usually weakly magnetic or non-magnetic minerals. Through the magnetic field generated by the magnetic separation equipment, iron minerals with strong magnetism will be adsorbed on the magnetic separation equipment and separated from non-magnetic or weakly magnetic phosphorus-containing minerals.

The magnetic separation method is simple to operate, low cost and environmentally friendly. However, for some minerals with similar magnetic properties, the separation effect of the magnetic separation method may not be good, and it is usually necessary to use it in combination with other methods.

3. Chemical leaching dephosphorization of iron ore

Iron ore magnetic separation dephosphorization uses chemical reagents to react chemically with phosphorus in iron ore to dissolve phosphorus into the solution, thereby achieving phosphorus separation. Common leaching agents include acids (such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid), alkalis (such as sodium hydroxide) and salt solutions (such as ferric chloride solution).

The chemical leaching method has a good dephosphorization effect, but it requires a large amount of chemical reagents, which is costly and will produce certain wastewater and waste residues, which need to be treated. In addition, the chemical leaching method has certain requirements on the adaptability of the ore, and it is necessary to select appropriate leaching agents and process conditions according to the properties of the ore.

4. Iron ore oxidation roasting-magnetic separation combined dephosphorization process

Iron ore oxidation roasting-magnetic separation combined dephosphorization is to first oxidize and roast the phosphorus-containing iron ore, and at high temperature and oxidizing atmosphere, the phosphorus-containing minerals undergo chemical changes, while enhancing the magnetism of the iron minerals. Then the iron minerals with strong magnetism are separated by magnetic separation equipment to achieve the purpose of dephosphorization.

The oxidation roasting-magnetic separation combined method can effectively remove phosphorus from iron ore and improve the grade of iron. However, this method requires a lot of energy consumption, large equipment investment, and will produce a certain amount of waste gas, which needs to be treated.

5. Iron ore microbial dephosphorization process

Iron ore microbial dephosphorization is to use the metabolism of certain microorganisms to decompose phosphorus-containing minerals in iron ore. Some microorganisms can produce organic acids, enzymes and other substances, which can react with phosphorus-containing minerals to dissolve phosphorus.

Microbial dephosphorization is an environmentally friendly dephosphorization method with low cost and no secondary pollution. However, the dephosphorization efficiency of microbial dephosphorization is relatively low, and the treatment cycle is long. It is still in the research and development stage.

The above is an introduction to several methods of iron ore dephosphorization. In actual beneficiation plants, due to the different properties of iron ores and the different phosphorus contents, the beneficiation process cannot be blindly selected. It must be selected according to the impurity content of the iron ore. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct ore dressing tests. Through experimental analysis, a suitable iron ore dephosphorization process can be designed to improve the dephosphorization efficiency and achieve the purpose of efficient iron ore recovery.