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Click to add WeChatTungsten is a refractory metal with a melting point of 3410±20℃, ranking first in melting point. It has high temperature strength and hardness, and its vapor pressure is still very low at 2000~2500℃. Tungsten is used in steel, machinery, mining, petroleum, rockets, aerospace, electronics, nuclear energy, military industry and light industry in the form of alloy elements, tungsten carbide, metal materials or compounds. It is an important material indispensable to various sectors of the national economy and cutting-edge technology.
There are twenty kinds of tungsten minerals found in nature, of which scheelite and wolframite are of industrial value. The beneficiation method and process should be selected according to the specific type of ore. The common scheelite beneficiation method is briefly described.
Most wolframite mining has a high depletion rate, generally exceeding 80%, so it is necessary to pre-discard the coarse and lean waste rock before gravity separation. Since the boundary between the ore-bearing vein stone and the surrounding rock is clear and the color is distinct, it is easy to distinguish. After the ore tin ore is graded, manual hand selection can be used to discard a large amount of waste rock, especially for coarse-grained ore. Hand selection can improve production efficiency. Hand selection is often combined with other methods (heavy medium selection and photoelectric selection, etc.) to pre-enrich wolframite and improve the concentrate recovery rate and waste rock discard rate.
Gravity separation is the main beneficiation method of wolframite. Wolframite has a high density, and gravity separation technology can effectively separate it from minerals with a density of less than 3.5-4. For wolframite in quartz vein wolframite deposits, because of its large crystal grains, it is more appropriate to use gravity separation method to recover it in the case of coarse particles. Gravity separation equipment such as shaking table and jigging machine are often used in gravity separation operations. Jigging machine is used for wolframite with coarse and medium particles, while shaking table is used for medium and fine particles.
Jigging: The ore is screened into three levels before selection, and then graded into the jig. In order to reduce the mudification of wolframite, a jigging device is set up in the grinding cycle operation to recover the tungsten minerals that have been dissociated as soon as possible.
Using a shaking table: When a shaking table is used to re-select fine-grained ore, the mineral enrichment ratio can be increased. In order to improve the re-selection effect, strict classification is required before entering the shaking table.
Using a spiral concentrator: The spiral concentrator has a large processing capacity and low cost. It is more suitable for processing slightly coarser materials, especially for selecting lean materials.
Due to the brittleness of tungsten ore, mudification is prone to occur during the beneficiation process. There are three main sources: washing water before pre-selection, dehydration during re-selection, and overflow water of the classifier. Before entering the selection, these overflow waters need to be concentrated and then treated separately. Commonly used equipment include shaking tables, centrifugal concentrators and chutes. Among them, the centrifugal concentrator has a large processing capacity and a high recovery rate, and is an efficient roughing equipment.
When flotating the fine mud of wolframite, collectors such as styrenephosphonic acid and alkyl hydroxamic acid can be used, and lead nitrate and ferrous sulfate can be used as activators for wolframite flotation. New processes such as branched series flotation, differential speed selection, and thick slurry aeration stirring have the effect of saving flotation reagents and improving flotation effects.
In addition to conventional flotation methods, carrier flotation, hydrophobic agglomeration, magnetic separation, etc. can also be used to improve the separation effect of wolframite fine mud.
In the re-selection process, in addition to wolframite, cassiterite, scheelite and most sulfide ores with higher density will enter the rough concentrate together with wolframite, so a selection process must be set up to improve the grade of tungsten concentrate.
After separating the sulfide ore from the re-selection rough concentrate, commercial tungsten concentrate can be obtained. Table flotation is to float out the sulfide ore in the case of coarse particles, and some of the mixed gangue is discarded during the production process to further improve the grade of tungsten concentrate. Table flotation, as an efficient selection equipment, has been widely used in tungsten selection operations. Qualified tungsten concentrate can be obtained by table flotation after low-tin coarse concentrate, and table flotation can also be used to separate scheelite and cassiterite.
Magnetic separation can be used to separate wolframite from cassiterite and scheelite. Electrostatic separation is mainly used for the separation of scheelite and cassiterite. Electrostatic separation can be used to process tungsten concentrate containing yttrium phosphate, separate the yttrium phosphate from it, and reduce the phosphorus content in wolframite concentrate.
The above is a brief description of the wolframite beneficiation process. According to the characteristics of the ore, a specific beneficiation process can be formulated to improve the working efficiency of the production line while reducing production costs. With many years of experience in "Full mining industry chain services (EPC+M+O)", Xinhai Mining can tailor-make wolframite beneficiation technology and equipment for you.
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