Iron ore reverse flotation process and reagents

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my country's iron ore is mainly poor and fine. It is difficult to obtain the ideal iron concentrate grade by a single beneficiation method. Flotation is often used as the main method, and magnetic separation and gravity separation are used to assist in the combined beneficiation process. Flotation is mainly used to reduce the SiO₂ content in the concentrate to improve the grade of the iron concentrate.

During the flotation process, it is necessary to control the flotation process through flotation reagents to improve the flotation index. Since the iron ore gangue is mainly silicate, reverse flotation methods are commonly used, and the reagents are also mainly reverse flotation reagents. The following article will focus on the iron ore reverse flotation process and commonly used beneficiation reagents.

1. Iron ore reverse flotation process

At present, there are two main methods for iron ore reverse flotation: cationic reverse flotation and lunar reverse flotation.

Anion reverse flotation of iron ore:It has strong adaptability to ore, good selectivity, and easy handling of tailings, but it has complex reagent system, high reagent cost, temperature sensitivity, and difficult to filter concentrate.

Cation reverse flotation of iron ore:Cation reverse flotation can generally be directly floated without desludging, and the reagent system is simple, the reagent cost is low, it is resistant to low temperature, and the concentrate is easy to filter. It can achieve industrial production at around 10 ℃, and it does not require high-concentration slurrying for flotation. It has strong adaptability to changes in the iron grade of the selected ore. However, there are problems such as poor selectivity, sticky foam, sensitivity to ore mud, easy environmental pollution, and difficult tailings treatment.

2. Iron ore reverse flotation reagents

In the process of iron ore reverse flotation, the role of collectors is very important. Combined collectors are often used to complete flotation operations. Commonly used collectors include anionic flotation collectors and cationic flotation collectors according to different processes.

1. Iron ore anionic reverse flotation collectors

Anionic collectors are mostly weak organic acids (or their salts), such as oleic acid, sodium oleate, and products containing a variety of fatty acids extracted from animals, plants and petroleum processing by-products, such as tall oil (soap), animal and plant fatty acids (soap), cyclopentane acid (soap), oxidized paraffin (soap) and its refined products. In the ore pulp, according to the size of its dissociation constant and the pH value of the medium, it is in a molecular or ionic state.

Dodecylamine Collector:Can effectively capture magnetite and chlorite; The pH range required for capturing minerals is related to the concentration of dodecylamine.

Ether diamine collector:It has a good effect on the flotation of coarse and medium-grained quartz

Ether monoamine collector:It has a good flotation effect on fine-grained quartz, and the floatability of coarse particles will be improved when fine particles exist in the system. The presence of fine-grained quartz affects the characteristics of the foam, which can reduce the foam size and improve the stability of the foam.

Ether amine collector: The O(CH₂)₃ group in the ether amine molecule can increase the solubility of the agent in water, making it easier for the agent to enter the solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces, enhancing the elasticity of the liquid film around the bubble and improving the foaming performance.

Ether amine and alcohol combination agent: Due to the co-adsorption of amines and alcohols, a tight adsorption layer can be formed on the surface of iron silicates and iron silicate polymers in the presence of starch, thereby improving the floatability of iron silicates.

2. Cationic reverse flotation collector for iron ore

Cationic collectors mainly include amines, amine derivatives and ammonium salt compounds. The hydrophobic ions that play a collecting role are cations (RNH³⁺).

Cationic reverse flotation collectors include oleic acid, fatty acids, such as tar oil, animal and plant fatty acids, cyclohexane acid, oxidized paraffin soap, etc. In some cases, amine molecules play a collecting role. It is used for flotation of siliceous minerals, and has the characteristics of short reaction time with minerals and good sorting effect. In the flotation of silicate minerals, fatty amine collectors are mainly used. However, for silicate gangue minerals, when using cationic collectors for flotation, the activation of high-valent metal cations (iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, etc.) is required.

The above introduces the reverse flotation method of iron ore and the type of collector used in reverse flotation. In the actual ore dressing plant, the selection of flotation method depends on the properties of iron ore. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct ore dressing test analysis first, and design a suitable iron ore combined ore dressing process method and suitable ore dressing agent type and dosage based on the analysis results.