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Click to add WeChatSpodumene is a silicate mineral with a monoclinic system and a chain structure. As one of the key sources of lithium, it occupies an important position in the industrial field. Spodumene flotation is based on the differences in the surface physical and chemical properties of spodumene and gangue minerals. By accurately adding flotation reagents to the slurry, spodumene is selectively adhered to the bubbles, and finally a mineral processing process is achieved that is efficiently separated from the gangue minerals. In this process, factors such as the wettability and charge characteristics of the mineral surface play a key role, and the type and dosage of flotation reagents are the core elements for regulating the flotation effect. Let us introduce spodumene flotation methods, reagents and equipment together.
The process of fatty acid collector flotation is relatively simple. In the development history of spodumene flotation, it is a technical means that was put into use earlier. It shows good collection ability for spodumene. However, due to its poor selectivity, it is easily interfered by other minerals during the flotation process, resulting in limited improvement of lithium concentrate grade.
It is mostly suitable for processing spodumene with high lithium content and relatively simple gangue mineral composition. In such ores, fatty acid collectors can more effectively play their role in collecting spodumene and reduce the adverse effects of impurity minerals on flotation indicators.
Collectors: Fatty acid collectors such as oleic acid and sodium oleate are widely used. They can react chemically with metal ions on the surface of spodumene to generate metal soap substances with hydrophobic properties, thereby changing the surface of spodumene from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and can smoothly attach to bubbles to achieve flotation separation.
Adjuster: Sodium carbonate is an important adjuster that can be used to accurately adjust the pH value of the slurry, usually stabilizing the pH value between 9-10. Under this pH environment, on the one hand, it helps fatty acid collectors to play a better role, and on the other hand, it can effectively prevent the agglomeration of ore mud and improve the flotation effect by virtue of its dispersibility. Water glass is a commonly used inhibitor, which can form a hydrophilic film on the surface of gangue minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, to enhance the hydrophilicity of gangue minerals and inhibit their adhesion to bubbles, thereby achieving effective separation of gangue minerals and spodumene.
Mechanically stirred flotation machines, such as XJK type flotation machines and SF type flotation machines, are widely used in the process of flotation of spodumene with fatty acid collectors. This type of flotation machine mainly relies on the high-speed rotation of the impeller to produce a strong stirring effect, disperse the air into tiny bubbles, and evenly distribute them in the slurry. At the same time, the stirring action makes the mineral particles in the slurry fully contact with the bubbles, creating favorable conditions for spodumene to attach to the bubbles, thereby achieving flotation separation.
The amine collector flotation method has good selectivity and strong collection ability for spodumene, and can obtain more ideal flotation indicators under low reagent dosage conditions. Moreover, compared with other flotation methods, amine collectors have a relatively wide adaptability to the pH value of the pulp. However, amine collectors have the characteristic of easy foaming. In the actual operation process, the degree of foaming needs to be strictly controlled to ensure the stability and efficiency of the flotation process.
It is mainly suitable for ores with complex symbiotic relationships between spodumene and other minerals and high content of gangue minerals. In such complex ore systems, amine collectors can accurately react with spodumene with their good selectivity to achieve effective separation of spodumene from a variety of gangue minerals.
Collectors: Amine collectors such as dodecylamine and octadecylamine are widely used in this flotation process. They are mainly firmly attached to the surface of spodumene by physical adsorption or chemical adsorption, changing the charge distribution and wettability of the surface of spodumene, making its surface hydrophobic, and facilitating the combination with bubbles and floating.
Adjusters: Acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are often used to adjust the pH value of the pulp, and the pH value is generally controlled in the acidic range, such as pH=3-6. In an acidic environment, amine collectors can better exert their collection performance. Sodium hexametaphosphate, as a dispersant, can effectively prevent the agglomeration of ore mud, ensure that the mineral particles are evenly dispersed in the slurry, and improve the flotation effect.
Aerated flotation machines, such as KYF flotation machines and BF flotation machines, show good applicability in the process of amine collector flotation of spodumene. This type of flotation machine uses a special aeration device to inject a large amount of air into the slurry to form rich and uniform tiny bubbles. Compared with mechanical agitation flotation machines, it has a large aeration volume and high flotation efficiency, which can better adapt to the flotation process of amine collectors and improve the recovery rate and concentrate grade of spodumene.
The chelate collector flotation method has excellent selectivity and collection performance, and can significantly improve the recovery rate and concentrate grade of spodumene. In addition, the chelating collector has a strong adaptability to the surface properties of spodumene, and can effectively treat some spodumene ores that are difficult to select by conventional methods, providing strong technical support for the development and utilization of complex lithium mineral resources.
It is mainly suitable for complex and difficult to select spodumene ores, especially those containing a large amount of impurities such as iron and aluminum. In this type of ore, the chelating collector can form a stable chelate with a unique spatial configuration with the metal ions on the surface of spodumene by virtue of its special chemical structure, thereby achieving efficient collection of spodumene.
Collectors: Chelating collectors such as hydroxamic acids and phosphonic acids play a key role in this flotation process. They can react with metal ions on the surface of spodumene to form a chelate with extremely high stability. The formation of this chelate greatly changes the physical and chemical properties of the spodumene surface, making it have excellent hydrophobicity and significantly improving the floatability of spodumene during flotation.
Adjuster: Alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are often used to adjust the pH value of the slurry, and the pH value is generally maintained in the alkaline range, such as pH=10-12. In an alkaline environment, the chelating performance of the chelating collector can be fully exerted. Carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are used as inhibitors to form an inhibitory film on the surface of the gangue mineral, reduce the floatability of the gangue mineral, and enhance the selectivity of the flotation separation of spodumene and gangue minerals.
The new flotation column or the improved mechanical agitation flotation machine can be applied to the process of chelating collector flotation of spodumene. With its unique structural design, the flotation column can achieve efficient gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation during the flotation process. It has significant advantages such as high flotation efficiency, small footprint, and low energy consumption. It can better meet the requirements of chelating collector flotation equipment and further improve the flotation index of spodumene. The improved mechanical agitator flotation machine enhances the stirring and aeration effects of the slurry by optimizing the stirring structure and aeration method, and can also provide good operating conditions for the flotation of spodumene with chelating collectors.
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