Introduction to several purification processes of quartz sand

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With the continuous development of the chemical industry, the application field of quartz sand is becoming more and more extensive. Not only is the demand in the construction industry, glass manufacturing industry, and ceramic manufacturing industry increasing, but it is also used in some new "high-tech" fields. The premise of quartz sand application is good purity. Therefore, if you want to effectively apply it to industry, you need to purify quartz sand. So, what are the current types of quartz sand purification processes? Let's learn about it together!

Purification of quartz sand is to remove impurities contained in its original ore, and then obtain high-purity or ultra-high-purity quartz sand with higher purity. At present, the commonly used quartz sand purification processes mainly include: water washing, graded desludging, scrubbing, magnetic separation and flotation.

1. Quartz sand water washing, graded desludging purification process

Quartz sand is the main raw material of silicon dioxide, but there are often more mineral impurities in quartz sand minerals, one of which is clay quartz sand minerals with high mud content. Therefore, water washing and graded desludging are required before entering the ore dressing. At present, water washing and graded desludging are common methods for ore purification. The process is relatively simple and the effect is good, but it is not suitable for all ores. For example, the film iron and sticky impurities on the surface of quartz sand cannot be removed.

For example: The chemical composition of the raw quartz sand in Jiangsu is SiO₂78.39%, Fe₂O₃1.68%, Al₂O₃11.28%, of which the 0.1mm particle size content is 27.65%. After the raw ore is treated by water washing and graded desludging, the grade of SiO₂ rises to 86.36%, Fe₂O₃ decreases to 0.49%, and Al₂O₃ decreases to 6.79%.

2. Quartz sand scrubbing and purification process

The scrubbing method is used to purify quartz sand, mainly relying on the scrubbing machine to make the mineral particles move. Through the mutual friction between the mineral particles, the impurities (film iron and sticky impurities) on the surface of the quartz sand are ground and removed. After the impurities are removed, the mineral particles are classified. Commonly used scrubbing methods include rod scrubbing and mechanical scrubbing.

For example: After a quartz sand ore was washed and graded for desludging, some iron-containing impurities still adhered to the surface of the quartz sand. After the +0.3mm quartz particles were scrubbed with rods, the iron impurities were reduced from 0.19% to 0.10%, and the iron removal efficiency reached 47.4%.

3. Quartz sand magnetic separation and purification process

Common quartz sand minerals often contain a certain amount of magnetic impurities, such as hematite, limonite, biotite, etc. Therefore, magnetic separation can be used to remove iron and purify. The magnetic separation method can be selected according to the strength of the magnetic content. There are strong magnetic separation and weak magnetic separation. Among them, strong magnetic separation often uses strong magnetic separators (high gradient magnetic separators) to remove weak magnetic impurities such as limonite, hematite and biotite in quartz sand ore; weak magnetic separation often uses weak magnetic separation equipment or medium magnetic equipment to remove strong magnetic impurities in quartz sand ore.

4. Quartz sand flotation purification process

When the above methods cannot achieve efficient impurity removal, flotation can be used to further remove impurities. Flotation is mainly used to remove feldspar, mica and various non-magnetic associated impurities in quartz sand. The method of using cationic collectors and hydrofluoric acid activators in an acidic environment is often used to achieve separation effects. However, since fluorine-containing wastewater will have adverse effects on the atmospheric environment and water environment, the fluorine-free acid flotation method is a new process that has been advocated in recent years. The fluoride-free acid flotation method mainly utilizes the neutral medium in nature and the different structures and components of quartz and feldspar, appropriately adjusts the proportion of cationic mixed collectors, and performs limited flotation on feldspar to achieve the purpose of separation and purification.

The above are four types of quartz sand purification processes. In actual ore dressing plants, how to choose quartz sand purification processes depends on the impurities contained in quartz sand and the requirements for quartz sand purification. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct ore dressing tests according to user needs, and then design suitable quartz sand purification process methods. At the same time, suitable (complete sets of) quartz sand purification equipment can be scheduled according to the process plan.