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Click to add WeChatOxidized gold (also known as gold trioxide Au2O3) is an oxidized gold ore belt formed after a long weathering process. As a difficult-to-select gold ore, its ore dressing process is relatively complicated. Currently available gold extraction methods include gravity separation, flotation, magnetic separation, amalgamation, heap leaching, cyanidation, sulfidation and oxidative roasting. Let's learn about them together.
Gravity separation mainly relies on the density difference between gold and other minerals for separation. Gold is separated from other minerals by the centrifugal force generated by gravity separation equipment. There are several methods, such as jigging gravity separation, shaking table gravity separation and chute gravity separation. However, no matter which method is used, it is impossible to obtain a more ideal gold concentrate, and other methods must be used to extract gold.
Flotation gold extraction is a common method for extracting gold from oxidized ores. It mainly relies on the surface property difference between gold and gangue minerals. Through the addition of reagents, useful gold minerals become hydrophobic, and flotation gold extraction is completed with the floating of bubbles. Generally, when extracting oxidized gold, flotation needs to be combined with other methods to form a combined process in order to effectively obtain the ideal gold concentrate. At present, the commonly used flotation combined methods include flotation + flotation concentrate cyanidation, flotation + concentrate roasting + roasted sand cyanidation, flotation + flotation concentrate pyroprocessing and flotation + tailings/middling cyanidation + concentrate roasting cyanidation.
Floatation + Cyanidation of Flotation Concentrate: Mainly suitable for gold-bearing quartz vein-type sulfide ores. A small amount of concentrate is obtained by flotation first, and then cyanidation is performed to extract gold.
Floatation + Concentrate Roasting + Roasted Sand Cyanidation: Generally suitable for treating difficult-to-treat gold minerals, such as arsenic-containing gold minerals, zinc-containing and sulfide-containing gold minerals, etc. The concentrate is first obtained by flotation and then roasted. The main purpose of roasting is to remove arsenic and antimony elements in the cyanidation process.
Floatation + pyrometallurgical treatment of flotation concentrate: Suitable for processing polymetallic sulfide gold ores. During flotation, gold will enter the copper or lead concentrate that is closely associated with it. The copper-gold concentrate or lead-gold concentrate obtained is directly sent to the smelter for smelting, and the gold concentrate is recovered from it.
Floatation + tailings/middlings cyanidation + concentrate roasting cyanidation: Suitable for processing gold-containing minerals such as pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and other sulfide minerals. The easily floatable gold sulfide of this type of ore can be produced as concentrate, and then the middlings and tailings are roasted, and then hydrogenated to obtain the gold and silver minerals retained in the middlings and tailings.
Heap leaching for gold extraction is a commonly used process in gold ore dressing plants, especially for difficult-to-treat low-grade oxidized gold. It has a simple process, high gold extraction efficiency, and low investment cost.
This method is to pile up gold ore crushed to a certain particle size, and then use sulfuric acid or alkaline cyanide as a leaching agent, spray it on the top of the ore pile, and as the solution penetrates the ore pile, the gold is leached out and recovered.
Amalgamation is an ancient method of gold extraction. Generally, the gold ore is first separated into monomers, and then the gold ore powder is mixed with liquid mercury to form an amalgam. Then, the mercury is evaporated by heating to leave the gold.
The main purpose of magnetic separation is to remove magnetic impurities in gold minerals, mainly by using the magnetic properties of minerals for separation.
Gold extraction by cyanidation is to use hydride under alkaline conditions to form a soluble gold cyanide mixture with gold, and then separate the gold from the solution through adsorption, precipitation and analysis electrolysis process to obtain gold concentrate. However, cyanide is a toxic substance in gold extraction by cyanidation, and safety measures and environmental control must be strictly implemented when using it to ensure the safe handling and disposal of cyanide solution.
Gold extraction by sulfidation is to convert oxidized gold into sulfide ore, and then select it using traditional process methods. Commonly used methods for gold extraction by oxidized gold sulfidation include roasting, high-pressure oxidation, biological oxidation, and chemical sulfidation. After roasting, further gold extraction is required, which can be achieved by cyanidation, flotation or leaching.
Gold extraction by oxidation roasting is to expose the gold-bearing ore to oxygen under high temperature conditions, thereby oxidizing the gold into soluble compounds, and then extracting the gold from the oxide by leaching. Commonly used methods include direct smelting, chlorination roasting, acid roasting, and high-pressure oxidation. After roasting, gold needs to be further extracted, which can be achieved through cyanidation, flotation or leaching.
The above is an introduction to the process of 8 gold extraction methods by oxidizing gold. In actual ore dressing plants, there are many methods for gold beneficiation. No matter which one, choosing the right process can effectively obtain gold concentrate. So how to choose? It is recommended to conduct ore dressing test analysis. By analyzing and designing a suitable gold extraction process, ideal economic benefits have been obtained.
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