[Feldspar Mineral Processing] Separation of feldspar and quartz? Flotation is very effective!

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The effective separation of feldspar and quartz has always been a major difficulty in the mineral processing industry. In potassium feldspar, common gangue minerals mainly include iron-containing minerals (such as iron oxides, iron-containing amphibole), mica minerals (such as muscovite, sericite) and quartz; quartz sand often Contains non-magnetic associated impurity minerals such as feldspar and mica.

The main reason why it is difficult to sort feldspar and quartz is that the charging mechanism of feldspar and quartz in aqueous solution is basically the same. Both crystal structures are shelf-like structures, but only 1/4 of the Si in the quartz crystal structure ⁴⁺ is replaced by Al³⁺, which is feldspar. Since Al³⁺ replaces Si⁴⁺, in the corresponding tetrahedral structural unit, K⁺ or Na^{+< /sup>As a metal counter ion to maintain the mineral's electrical neutrality. According to the content of K+ and Na+, it is divided into potassium feldspar and albite.}

During the production process, flotation is often used to separate feldspar and quartz. Depending on the slurry medium, there are three main methods for flotation separation of feldspar and quartz, namely alkaline flotation, acid flotation and neutral flotation.

1. Alkaline flotation separation method of feldspar and quartz

Separation of quartz and feldspar in alkaline slurry with a pH value of 11-12, using alkaline earth metals Using ions as active agents and alkyl sulfonates as collectors, reverse flotation preferentially floats out quartz. At the same time, adding appropriate non-ionic surfactants can significantly improve the quartz recovery rate.

Under alkaline conditions, metal ions and alkyl sulfonates form Neutral complexes [such as Ca(OH)+RSO_3-] play a key role. These neutral complexes are adsorbed on the quartz surface together with free sulfonate ions, and A hydration layer forms on the surface of feldspar under high alkali conditions.

2. Acid flotation separation method of feldspar and quartz

The acid flotation method uses a mixture of anions and cations to collect in acidic slurry with a pH value of 2-3. The agent preferentially floats feldspar. Depending on the chemicals used, this method can be divided into fluorine flotation and fluorine-free flotation.

Fluorine flotation method:Under the activation of strong acidity and fluoride ions, use Cationic collectors preferentially float feldspar. The key to achieving flotation selectivity is to adjust the pH value of the slurry solution. When pH=2, quartz is near the zero electric point, while feldspar has a general zero electric point, pH=1.4~1.7, in fluorine The negative potential of the surface increases under the activation of ions, and the quartz surface is basically uncharged. Amine cations are the first to be adsorbed on the surface of feldspar, making its surface hydrophobic.

Fluorine-free flotation method: Under strong acid conditions, a mixture of anion collector dodecyl sulfonate and diamine cation collector is used. The anionic collector then complexes with the diamine collector adsorbed on the feldspar surface to form co-adsorption, which improves the hydrophobicity of the feldspar surface.

3. Neutral flotation separation method of feldspar and quartz

In the neutral medium, both feldspar and quartz are negatively charged, but there are still local areas on the quartz surface. There is a positively charged area, and a small amount of oleate ion is adsorbed with the help of electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding. This adsorption is not stable. Under the action of inhibitors such as sodium hexametaphosphate, the surface-adsorbed collector oil can be removed. acid root.

The adsorption of oleate by feldspar is mainly Al3^{+< /sup> chemical adsorption, this adsorption is relatively strong, sodium hexametaphosphate cannot remove this adsorbed oleate radical. The amount of Al3+ on the surface of feldspar is small, and its hydrophobicity is limited, which cannot make the feldspar float out preferentially. However, the oleate ions adsorbed on the surface of the feldspar can be used as anionic active particles to adsorb the amine cation collector. The amine cation collector is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the feldspar, allowing the feldspar to float out preferentially, thus achieving the separation of feldspar and quartz. the goal of.}

In neutral media, the key to sorting feldspar and quartz is to select a suitable and effective inhibitor, which can not only desorb the oleate ions adsorbed on the quartz surface, but also prevent the amine cation collector from Quartz surface adsorption.

The above are the reasons why it is difficult to select feldspar and quartz and the common flotation methods. In actual production practice, quartz and feldspar have similar physical properties, chemical compositions, and structural structures. It is recommended to conduct a ore dressing test first. According to the test As a result, the process flow and supporting equipment were selected scientifically and rationally, and each technical parameter was strictly followed to achieve ideal mineral processing benefits.