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Click to add WeChatGravity gold selection is an ancient and effective beneficiation technology. It is a beneficiation method based on the density difference between gold and other minerals to separate gold from impurities such as gangue in a gravity field or centrifugal field. The density of gold is relatively high, usually around 19.3g/cm³, while the density of most gangue minerals is relatively small, and this obvious difference provides a physical basis for gravity gold selection. Generally, gold ore particles with a density greater than that of heavy media will sink, while gangue minerals with a density less than that of heavy media will float up, thus achieving separation.
Gravity gold selection has a long history of application in placer gold beneficiation, and is often used as an important pretreatment or selection link in the beneficiation process of rock gold ore.
Gravity gold selection method can choose different gravity selection according to the different particle size of gold ore, including jigging gold selection, shaking table gold selection, spiral chute gold selection and heavy medium gold selection.
Jigging is based on the movement difference of mineral particles in vertical alternating water flow. In the jig, the water flow rises and falls periodically. When the water flow rises, the bed is lifted and the mineral particles begin to loosen; when the water flow drops, the gold particles with higher density can move downward through the gaps in the bed faster, while the gangue minerals with lower density remain in the upper layer. Under the combined influence of gravity, water flow impact force and interaction between particles, the gold particles gradually concentrate at the bottom of the bed to achieve sorting during multiple cycles.
Jigging gold selection has good adaptability to gold ores of different particle size ranges. Both coarse and fine ores can be effectively sorted to obtain gold concentrates with a certain grade. However, the effect of jigging gold selection is affected by the particle size composition of the ore and the operating parameters of the jig (such as stroke, number of strokes, etc.). It is suitable for beneficiation plants of various sizes. It can be used as a roughing equipment to process a large amount of raw ore, and it can also play a role in the concentrating process.
Shaking table ore dressing is to use the movement difference of ore particles on the inclined bed surface for sorting. The bed surface of the shaking table is usually covered with grooves or paved with rough paving materials. When the shaking table shakes, the slurry forms a fan-shaped flow on the bed surface. At the same time, due to the lateral water flow generated by the tilt and shaking of the bed surface, the gold particles move laterally along the bed surface under the combined effect of gravity, friction and water flow impact, and are enriched in different areas on the bed surface according to their density and particle size.
shaking table gold selection has a good effect on the separation of fine and micro-fine gold ores, and can obtain higher-grade concentrates. However, the processing capacity of the shaking table is relatively small, and it is suitable for small-scale beneficiation plants that select or process low-grade ores.
Chute ore selection is to use the movement characteristics of ore particles in a chute with a certain slope for sorting. The chute body is usually a plane with a certain degree of roughness or a bottom with specific patterns. When the slurry enters the chute, it flows downward along the chute under the action of gravity. At the same time, due to the certain slope of the chute and the fluidity of the slurry itself, a certain amount of water flow power is generated. Under the combined effects of gravity, friction between the chute and other particles, and the impact of the water flow, the gold particles gradually settle and move in the chute. According to the difference in density with other minerals, gold particles tend to gather in a specific area at the bottom of the chute, while the gangue minerals with lower density are carried away with the water flow.
The chute gold selection is more effective for the separation of medium and fine-grained gold ores, and can obtain relatively high-grade gold concentrates. However, the recovery rate of chute gold selection may be affected by factors such as slurry flow rate and feed rate. It is suitable for processing ores with less coarse gold, and is widely used in some small beneficiation plants or as a link in the combined beneficiation process.
Heavy medium ore separation is to use the different floating and sinking characteristics of gold and other minerals in a medium with a density greater than water for sorting. Heavy medium is usually a suspension formed by mixing finely ground high-density solid particles with water, and its density can be adjusted as needed. When gold ore particles enter the heavy medium, under the combined effect of gravity and medium buoyancy, gold particles with a density greater than that of the heavy medium will sink, while gangue minerals with a density less than that of the heavy medium will float. In this process, since the heavy medium is evenly distributed in the ore dressing equipment, the gold particles overcome the resistance of the medium with their greater density and settle to the bottom of the equipment, while those minerals with lower density are pushed to different directions by the buoyancy of the medium.
Heavy medium gold selection is ideal for ores with relatively large particle sizes. It can efficiently separate gold from a large amount of gangue minerals to obtain gold-enriched materials with higher purity. However, this method requires precise control of the density of the heavy medium, and the recovery and purification process of the medium is relatively complicated. It is suitable for processing ores with moderate particle size and obvious differences in the density of gold and gangue minerals. It can play the advantages of efficient separation in large-scale mineral processing operations and improve the overall efficiency of mineral processing.
The commonly used equipment for gravity gold extraction mainly includes jigs, shaking tables, spiral chutes and heavy medium cyclones.
Jig machine is an important mineral processing equipment that realizes separation based on the difference in the movement of mineral particles in vertical alternating water flow. This equipment can play an important role in the separation of placer gold, rock gold, and other metal mines, and its equipment structure is relatively stable and the separation effect is relatively stable. Depending on the model, there are several types of diaphragm jig machines and screen side air chamber jig machines.
The shaking table is a device that uses the movement difference of ore particles on the inclined bed surface for sorting. It has a good sorting effect on fine and micro-fine gold ores and can obtain high-grade concentrates, but the processing capacity is small and it is suitable for concentrating or small-scale ore dressing plants. There are flat shaking tables and multi-layer shaking tables.
The spiral chute is a device that uses a spiral trough for mineral processing. After the slurry is fed from the upper end of the spiral chute, under the combined effects of gravity, centrifugal force, friction and water flow impact, due to the high density of gold particles, it tends to move along the bottom of the trough, while the gangue minerals tend to move on the upper part of the trough, thereby achieving separation. It has a simple structure, is easy to operate and has a good effect on the separation of fine-grained gold.
Heavy medium separator is a kind of equipment that separates mineral particles based on their different floating and sinking characteristics in a medium with a density greater than that of water. This type of gravity separation equipment is ideal for separating ores with relatively large particle sizes, and can efficiently separate gold from a large number of gangue minerals. However, it requires precise control of the medium density, and the recovery and purification process of the medium is relatively complicated. It is suitable for processing ores with moderate particle sizes and obvious differences in the density of gold and gangue minerals.
The above is an introduction to gravity gold separation methods and equipment. In actual ore dressing plants, the gold ore gravity separation process needs to be determined according to the properties of the gold ore. Choosing a suitable process plan is the top priority for improving gold extraction efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct ore dressing tests. Through experimental analysis, a suitable gold ore gravity separation method is designed to achieve efficient recovery.
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