What are the common physical production processes of kaolin?

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Kaolin is a kind of fine-grained clay or clay rock mainly composed of kaolinite minerals. The clay minerals are mainly kaolinite, and a small amount of non-clay minerals are quartz, feldspar, iron minerals, titanium, Aluminum hydroxides and oxides, organic matter, etc. It is used in refractory materials, petroleum refining, plastics, national defense, military and other fields, and its whiteness is an important indicator in determining the value of kaolin. In order to minimize the color improvement and improve the whiteness, it needs to be completed through various production processes. This article mainly introduces the chemical production process of kaolin.

The common physical production methods of kaolin mainly include magnetic separation, flotation and selective flocculation.

1. Kaolin magnetic separation production method

The magnetic separation method is a method of separating minerals in a magnetic field based on their magnetic differences. It is the main physical iron removal method for kaolin. When kaolin contains strong magnetic minerals (magnetite) or iron filings as impurities, conventional magnetic separation can effectively purify it. However, when the impurities in kaolin are mainly weak magnetic minerals, conventional magnetic separation cannot obtain high whiteness. Kaolin needs to remove iron through high gradient strong magnetic separation, or roast weakly magnetic minerals into strong magnetic iron oxide, and then use conventional magnetic separation to remove iron.

2. Kaolin flotation production method

Flotation method is a common method for kaolin beneficiation and purification. It is mainly used to remove the For gangue minerals such as feldspar and quartz, there are two methods: carrier flotation and double-liquid flotation.

Carrier flotation method: is to add minerals during the flotation process of flotation machine Carrier (such as calcite, etc.), and then the fine-grained impurity iron minerals are adsorbed onto the carrier minerals. In addition, during flotation, Tatar oil is used as a collector, sodium carbonate is used as a pH adjuster, ammonium sulfate is used as an inhibitor, and water glass is used as a slurry dispersant to complete flotation, and finally obtain iron carrier foam and kaolin concentrate.

Double-liquid flotation method: Use fatty acids as collectors, add kaolin slurry, stir, stand still, and layer to form organic liquid (containing Fe_{2O3) and kaolin are suspended in a double-layer liquid, and then separated by gravity separation to obtain qualified kaolin concentrate.}

3. Kaolin selective flocculation method

Selective flocculation method is to add flocculant to the fully dispersed slurry. The bridging effect with the surface of the ore particles causes the free harmful iron impurities dispersed in the slurry to selectively flocculate, and then the flocs are separated from the slurry. However, this method involves a large amount of water that needs to be removed in subsequent processes. At the same time, the remaining flocculant in the kaolin concentrate also affects the quality of the final product.

The above is an introduction to three common physical beneficiation methods of kaolin. In actual beneficiation plants, there are also chemical methods, microbial methods, etc. The specific process to choose depends on the ore properties of kaolin. Only through specific analysis can we ensure the efficient purification and whitening of kaolin, which has reached industrial application.