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Click to add WeChatTailings are components produced in mineral processing operations that have low content of useful components and are currently uneconomical for industrial production. They are also the main components of industrial solid waste. With the continuous exploitation of gold mine resources and the advancement of mineral processing technology for difficult-to-select gold mines, the discharge of gold tailings has increased year by year, which inevitably brings a series of problems and further stimulates the development of gold tailings treatment and comprehensive utilization.
In addition to the increasing number of gold tailings, gold ore beneficiation often uses cyanide gold extraction or flotation method, and cyanide and flotation reagents must be added during the process, resulting in a certain amount of cyanide and flotation reagents remaining in the gold tailings. Therefore, the discharge of gold mine tailings often has the following problems:
1. Long-term stacking occupies a large amount of land.
2. Pollution of the environment: Chemical agents must be added during the gold ore dressing process, and these agents will remain in the tailings. In addition, the heavy metals, toxic and harmful pollutants contained in the tailings, if they flow downstream or seep into the ground, or even very fine tailings sand particles drift with the wind, will cause harm to the surrounding environment.
3. Waste of resources: Due to the previous level of mineral processing technology, a large amount of valuable resources are still left in the tailings and have not been comprehensively utilized.
4. Safety hazards: There are safety hazards such as collapse and landslides in the tailings reservoir.
Based on the above problems, the treatment and comprehensive utilization of gold mine tailings are imminent. At present, the common treatment methods and comprehensive utilization of gold mine tailings mainly include the following ways:
The gold content in gold mine tailings is generally 0.2-0.6g/t. Due to the backwardness of mining and dressing technology in the past, some gold and silver were lost in the tailings. At the same time, most of the gold ores in China are associated with copper, lead, zinc, iron, sulfur and other elements. With the advancement of mineral processing technology, gold tailings re-selection can not only recover gold and silver, but also recover valuable elements according to the properties of tailings. Therefore, tailings re-selection has become a major trend in the current gold tailings treatment.
Gold Tailings Flotation Process
Taking the recovery of lead-zinc ore from gold tailings as an example, the lead-zinc minerals in the gold concentrate undergo fine grinding and long-term aeration and stirring during the cyanide leaching process, resulting in serious over-grinding, presenting a "colloidal" dispersion system, making flotation difficult. In addition, a large amount of mud minerals and residual cyanide form a hydrophilic film on the mineral surface, causing the collector to lose its selectivity for the capture of various minerals. At the same time, the film also hinders the adsorption of the collector on the surface of the ore particles, increasing the difficulty of flotation separation.
1. Ultrafine particle flotation can be achieved through pretreatment, combined collectors, control of slurry potential and pH and other measures.
2. Slurry pretreatment technologies such as concentrated sulfuric acid strong oxidation and activated carbon adsorption can be used, and mixed flotation technology can be used in acidic media to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of lead and zinc mineral resources in cyanide tailings.
Tailings dry discharge process relieves the storage capacity pressure of tailings ponds, reduces safety hazards of tailings ponds, and the use of backwater reduces the pressure of sewage treatment, saving the production and operation costs of mines, which is a requirement for the construction of national green and environmentally friendly mines.
Gold tailings filter press dehydration
For gold tailings after full mud cyanidation gold extraction, the tailings filter press process of the filter press can be used. Since the filtrate is returned to the process, the cyanide ions, alkali and dissolved gold in the filtrate are mostly recovered, thus saving the amount of water, lime and cyanide used for mineral processing, and reducing the discharge of cyanide-containing wastewater.
Recovering valuable elements from tailings can only achieve comprehensive recovery of a small amount of valuable elements in tailings, but it cannot significantly reduce the amount of tailings, and still cannot fundamentally solve the problem of tailings storage occupying a large amount of land, destroying and affecting the ecological environment.
Taking my country's gold mines as an example, the types of ore deposits are complex, the types of surrounding rocks are diverse, the content of metal minerals in some ore deposits is rare, and the gangue minerals are relatively pure. Gold mine tailings can be used directly as important non-metallic raw materials or building materials, such as brick making, preparation of microcrystalline glass, production of aerated concrete, silicate cement, etc.
Using tailings to fill the goaf of mines is one of the effective ways to directly use gold tailings. Especially for mining enterprises that have no place to set up gold tailings ponds, using tailings to fill the goaf has greater environmental and economic significance.
As a better filling material, tailings can be obtained locally and waste can be used, eliminating the cost of collecting, crushing, and transporting the production of filling material gravel. For high-value gold ore bodies, tailings can improve the conditions for pillar recovery and reduce dilution losses. Appropriate amounts of cement or other cementing materials are often added to the filling material to condense the loose tailings into a whole with a certain strength.
Reclamation and land reclamation is also an effective way to treat gold tailings. Taking certain measures on the gold tailings pond and planting agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry crops and crops with strong vitality can protect the soil and consolidate the embankment, which has a positive effect on protecting the environment and preventing pollution.
The above are common methods for the treatment and comprehensive utilization of gold tailings. In the actual application of the ore dressing plant, it is recommended to comprehensively consider the nature of the gold tailings, the scale of the tailings, the return on investment, etc. to determine the appropriate gold tailings treatment and comprehensive utilization methods, and tailor-make reasonable gold tailings treatment equipment.
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