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Generally, the selection of ilmenite beneficiation equipment is based on the beneficiation process plan, and the process is based on the properties of the ilmenite ore. Due to the different properties of ilmenite ore, the beneficiation equipment available for ilmenite includes gravity separation equipment, magnetic separation equipment, flotation equipment and electric separation equipment. In addition, the beneficiation process of iron ore is generally crushing-grinding-beneficiation-dehydration process, so the available equipment also includes crushing and screening equipment, grinding and grading equipment and concentrate/tailings dehydration equipment.
Generally, gravity separation is mostly used as a pre-selection operation for ilmenite. For example, for ilmenite with coarse-grained impregnation and fine-grained aggregate impregnation, after coarse and medium crushing, a large amount of gangue and desludging can be discarded through spiral chutes, shaking tables, etc.
Spiral chute:Generally suitable for processing coarse ilmenite with a particle size range of 0.6~0.2mm, and pre-selecting and recovering qualified coarse ilmenite concentrate.
Shaking table:Mostly suitable for processing minerals with a particle size range of 2~0.037mm, and mostly for gravity selection and concentration operations.
Ilmenite has a certain weak magnetic property, so magnetic separation under a certain field strength can effectively separate ilmenite from other gangue minerals. Due to its weak magnetic property, strong magnetic separation design is usually used for enrichment. In the ilmenite beneficiation process, more selection and tailing operations are performed. The equipment used includes: high gradient magnetic separator, dry strong magnetic separator and wet strong magnetic separator.
High Gradient Magnetic Separator:Suitable for processing ilmenite with a particle size range of less than 2mm for strong magnetic separation.
Dry Strong Magnetic Separator:Suitable for processing ilmenite with a mineral particle size of less than 30mm, which can be used for strong magnetic separation or pre-selection before entering the mill.
Wet high-intensity magnetic separator: Suitable for processing ilmenite with a particle size range of 2~10mm. It can be used for pre-selection before entering the mill, as well as for roughing and concentrating operations.
Depending on the properties of ilmenite ore, the available flotation methods are also different, mainly including conventional flotation, flocculation flotation, and agglomeration flotation. The equipment used is mainly mechanical agitation flotation machine and aeration agitation flotation machine.
Mechanical agitation flotation machine: There are SF type, JJF type and BF type. Among them, SF type and JJF type can form a combined unit, which can be used in roughing, scavenging and concentrating operations; BF type flotation machine is mainly used for roughing.
Aerated agitation flotation machine: There are XCF type, KYF type and CLF coarse particle type. Similarly, the former two can form a combined unit, which is suitable for roughing, scavenging and concentrating operations, while the coarse particle type is mostly used for concentrating or roughing operations of coarse particles.
When the coarse concentrate produced after gravity separation or magnetic separation contains non-conductive impurities such as pyroxene, it can be removed by electrostatic separation. The general point selection method is suitable for processing ilmenite with a particle size of less than 0.04mm. Before electrostatic separation, it is necessary to carry out pretreatment such as heating and radiation irradiation. The required equipment is mainly an electrostatic separator.
Electrostatic separator: Utilize the different conductivity and dielectric constant between minerals to achieve separation through corona electric field and electrostatic field.
The crushing and screening of ilmenite is determined according to the properties of the ore and the requirements for the particle size of the ore. Generally, there are two-stage closed-circuit crushing and three-stage closed-circuit crushing processes. The process is basically that the first-stage crushing product is fed into the screening equipment by a belt conveyor, and then the screened material is returned to the previous stage of crushing, and the screened material enters the next crushing or the next stage. The equipment required is mainly crusher and screener.
Crusher: Jaw crusher, cone crusher
Screening machine: Circular vibrating screen and self-centering vibrating screen, etc.
Grinding is the process of further crushing after crushing, so that the ore particles can be fully dissociated to ensure the subsequent efficient separation. Usually, ilmenite grinding and grading can be carried out in two-stage grinding, three-stage grinding or stage grinding processes, depending on the amount of ore and the grinding particle size requirements. The required equipment mainly includes grinding equipment and grading equipment, etc.
Grinding Equipment:Ball Mill (Grid-type ball mill for coarse grinding, often used for one-stage grinding, overflow-type ball mill for fine grinding, often used for two- and three-stage grinding) and Rod Mill.
Classification Equipment:There are spiral classifiers and cyclones/groups. The former is often used in conjunction with overflow ball mills, while the latter is often used in conjunction with cyclones.
The dehydration operation of ilmenite is divided into two parts, namely concentrate dehydration and tailings dehydration. The dehydration rate is determined according to the requirements. It is mainly completed by one or more dehydration equipment, including concentrators, cyclones, dehydration screens, presses/filters, etc.
Thickener: There are high-efficiency thickeners, inclined plate thickeners, deep cone thickeners, etc. The dewatering bottom flow concentration is generally 60~70%. One more stage of dewatering can be done in the concentrate, and two stages of dewatering can be done in the tailings.
Cyclone: There are cyclones and cyclone groups. According to the processing volume and dewatering requirements, it is determined whether to use a single machine or a combined machine. The water content of the dewatering bottom flow is 40~30%, and one or two stages of dewatering are mostly done in the tailings.
Dewatering screen: The bottom flow dewatering rate is 12~15%, and it is mostly used for the three-stage dewatering or final dewatering of tailings.
Pressure/Filter: Disc vacuum filter, ceramic filter, permanent magnet vacuum filter, box filter, plate and frame filter and belt filter, etc., can be used in concentrate dehydration and tailings dehydration operations, and the final underflow water content is 9~12%.
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