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Silver ore dressing equipment needs to be determined based on the properties of silver ore, the state of occurrence, and the grade of the ore. The silver ore dressing process must be clarified first, and then the appropriate equipment is determined according to the process. At present, the common silver ore dressing is mainly based on flotation, supplemented by gravity selection, but almost all follow the crushing-grinding-selection-dehydration process. Below we will introduce the silver ore dressing equipment around these processes.
According to the different properties of silver ore, the silver crushing process can be divided into two-stage semi-closed circuit crushing or three-stage one-closed circuit crushing process. The final crushing particle size range is between 10-15mm. The main equipment is jaw crusher, cone crusher, and circular vibrating screen.
Jaw crusher: used for primary crushing of large pieces of silver ore, with the characteristics of large crushing ratio and high efficiency.
Cone crusher: It can ensure uniform product particle size by medium and fine crushing the ore after being crushed by jaw crusher.
Circular vibrating screen: It is used to screen the crushed ore and return the ore that does not meet the particle size requirements to the crusher for further crushing.
Silver ore grinding often adopts the process of coarse grinding and rough selection-regrinding and reselection. The crushed silver ore is ground to achieve monomer dissociation state. Rod mill and hydrocyclone are commonly used in the coarse grinding stage; wet overflow ball mill and spiral classifier are mostly used for regrinding.
Rod mill: It can make the ore produce uniform particle size during the grinding process and is suitable for coarse grinding operation.
Hydrocyclone: It is used to classify the grinding products and improve the grinding efficiency.
Wet overflow ball mill: Grind the coarse concentrate again to fully dissociate the silver minerals from the gangue minerals.
Spiral classifier: It is used in conjunction with the ball mill to classify the grinding products to ensure that the particle size of the ore entering the flotation operation meets the requirements.
Independent silver ore flotation often adopts the priority flotation method, and its process is a roughing-concentrating process. Among them, the roughing selects the silver coarse concentrate, the roughing scavenging tailings recover the associated ore, and the silver concentrate is obtained by multiple concentrating. The flotation equipment is mainly XCF flotation machine and KYF flotation machine.
XCF flotation machine: It is a kind of aerated flotation machine, which has the ability to self-absorb air and slurry, strong stirring force, and can ensure that the slurry and reagent are fully mixed.
KYF flotation machine: It is an aerated flotation machine with large aeration volume and high flotation efficiency, which can effectively improve the recovery rate of silver.
Silver in associated silver ore often coexists with other metal ores such as lead, zinc, and copper. Not only silver can be recovered, but also other metals. The mixed flotation method is often used. Roughing is first performed to obtain a mixed coarse concentrate, and then the metals are separated by flotation to obtain the corresponding concentrate. There are methods such as first floating metal to suppress silver and first floating silver to suppress metal.
Float the metal first and suppress the silver: Taking the lead-zinc associated silver ore as an example, the ore is ground with lime and then graded, and ethyl xanthate and black medicine are used as collectors for flotation. The main metals such as lead and zinc are floated out, and the tailings are reprocessed to obtain silver concentrate.
Float the silver first and suppress the metal: After the mixed coarse concentrate is obtained by rough selection, the hydrocyclone is used for desliming, and its overflow is combined with the main metal concentrate. The bottom flow silver coarse concentrate is fined for multiple times, and the obtained tailings are returned to the mixed ore for further separation. The fine concentrate is filtered and dried to obtain the silver concentrate.
The main flotation equipment is JJF flotation machine, SF flotation machine, reagent stirring tank and flotation reagent.
JJF flotation machine: simple structure, easy operation, can adapt to different flotation process requirements.
SF flotation machine: large air intake, low power consumption, can improve flotation efficiency.
Reagent stirring tank: used to fully stir and mix the flotation reagent with the slurry to ensure that the reagent has the best effect.
Flotation reagents: According to the properties of the ore and the requirements of the flotation process, select appropriate collectors, frothers, adjusters, etc.
Silver oxide ore is oxidized from silver sulfide ore, has low floatability, and is a difficult-to-select silver mineral. Its mineral composition includes horn silver ore, chlorobromite, iodine silver ore, etc. For this type of silver ore, the sulfide-flotation method is often used to achieve silver separation. First, the silver oxide ore is sulfided with sodium sulfide, and then flotation is performed with xanthate collectors and pine oil frothers. Flotation equipment can be selected from XJB rod flotation machine, JJF flotation machine, SF flotation machine or XCF-KYF flotation unit, etc.
XJB rod flotation machine: suitable for the flotation of fine-grained minerals, which can ensure the flotation effect of silver oxide ore.
XCF-KYF flotation unit: XCF flotation machine is used as a straight chute, and KYF flotation machine is used as a slurry suction trough. It can be used for roughing and scavenging in silver ore dressing operations.
Gravity separation is mainly used to separate some coarse-grained silver oxide ores. Its purpose is to pre-select and obtain coarse-grained coarse concentrates. Commonly used equipment includes jigs, shaking tables and spiral chutes.
Jigs: Sorting is carried out according to the density difference of minerals, which can effectively recover coarse-grained silver oxide minerals.
Shaking tables: Sorting is achieved by using different densities and particle size differences, and is often used for concentrating operations after jig roughing.
Spiral chute: Sorting is carried out according to the difference in the settling speed of mineral particles in the water flow and the different centrifugal forces and friction forces in the spiral trough. It can effectively recover finer silver ores.
The silver concentrate and tailings obtained after silver ore dressing contain a lot of water, and need to be dehydrated to obtain tailings for subsequent treatment of minerals. The commonly used equipment in the dehydration process is mainly concentrators, filter presses and dehydration screens.
Concentrator: suitable for concentrate/tailings dehydration, one more stage of dehydration in the concentrate, two stages of dehydration in the tailings, and the low flow concentration is 60~70%;
Filter press/filter: can be used for concentrate and tailings dehydration, by applying pressure to the slurry, the water is discharged through the filter cloth, mostly used in the final stage, the slurry moisture content is less than 9~12%.
Dehydration screen: mostly used for tailings dehydration, used for three-stage dehydration operation, so that the final moisture content of the tailings is 12~15%.
Ore properties: Metallic minerals are natural silver, pyrite, limonite, etc.; Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, etc. The element that can be recycled is silver.
Process flow: Two-stage semi-closed circuit crushing - two-stage grinding - flotation (one roughing, three scavenging, two concentrating) - two-stage dehydration process flow.
Project results: Morocco 500tpd silver mine flotation mining industry chain service project has been successfully put into production, the entire beneficiation plant operates stably, the equipment quality is reliable, and the beneficiation indicators and economic benefits have reached expectations. In the end, the production cost of the project was reduced by 15%, which was 5% lower than the customer's expected investment cost control; the silver recovery rate was as high as 83.95%.
Ore properties: The main minerals are galena, cerussite and barite. Other associated minerals include covellite, azurite, pyrite, lead-vanadium, chalcopyrite, bornite, tetrahedrite, hematite and manganese ore, and gangue minerals include quartz, calcite, feldspar, mica and siderite.
Process flow: two-stage one-closed-circuit crushing process-one-stage closed-circuit grinding and classification-gravity separation-one-rough three-sweep three-fine flotation-concentrate tailings dewatering process.
Project results: The concentrate yield of the project is 23.71%, the grade is 40.83%, and the recovery rate is 82.83%.
Ore properties: The main gold-bearing minerals are silver-gold ore, and the silver-bearing minerals are argentite, native silver, arsenic-copper-silver ore and silver-gold ore.
Process flow: two-stage continuous grinding-flotation-comprehensive concentrate regrinding-two leaching and two washing-zinc powder replacement process.
Project results: For Zone I and purchased ore, the Ag concentrate grade is 972.46 g/t, and the total recovery rate of mineral processing is 78.31%; for Zone II ore, the Ag concentrate grade is 1472.88 g/t, and the total recovery rate of mineral processing is 80.15%, and the total recovery rate of Au mineral processing is 90.32%.
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