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Tin ore is one of the common metal ores. Because of its high density, gravity separation is often used as a separation scheme. Then flotation, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation, roasting, volatile leaching and other methods are used to complete the combination with gravity separation. Select technology. Since the ore properties of different deposits are different, their mineral composition, crystallization form and embedding characteristics are also different, which also determines that their mineral processing methods and mineral processing equipment are also different. The following will introduce the tin ore beneficiation process and the ore washing and beneficiation equipment.
Cassiterite has a high density and a large density difference with gangue minerals. Therefore, gravity separation can be used to recover tin concentrate. This method is used to process Low cost and no pollution to the environment. Gravity separation is mainly suitable for coarse-grained tin ore. During pre-selection, the ore concentrator generally adopts heavy media beneficiation process. Due to the brittle nature of tin ore, it is easily over-crushed during the grinding process. When coarse-grained and fine-grained cassiterite are mixed, the loss of fine-grained cassiterite often results. In order to ensure the effective recovery of cassiterite, this should be avoided. This question. Selective grinding, stage grinding and separation are effective ways to solve this problem. Classification desliming is also one of the important links in cassiterite gravity separation. The selection particle size should be strictly controlled during processing to try to eliminate the influence of slime on the mineral processing effect.
Tin ore gravity separation equipment generally uses shakers and jigs. Ball mills and classifiers are required before gravity separation and pre-selection.
Tin ore shaking table: Mainly suitable for processing tin ore with finer particle size. For tin ore with low monomer dissociation degree, It is difficult to obtain ideal grade and recovery rate using simple shaking table gravity separation. It is necessary to adopt a multi-stage grinding-multistage gravity separation process to improve the recovery rate.
Tin ore jig: Suitable for sorting coarse mineral particles. For tin ore beneficiation, the lower limit can be achieved under the premise that the specific gravity difference is ≥1.25 and the ore monomer is dissociated. The particle size can reach 0.04mm, and the effect is very good in placer tin ore with high monomer dissociation degree.
Tin ore ball mill/rod mill:There are three types of grid ball mills, overflow ball mills and wet rod mills. Among them, the grid type is used for rough grinding in tin ores. Generally It is used in the first stage of grinding, and often forms a grinding and classification process with a spiral classifier; the overflow type is mainly used for fine grinding in tin ores, and is generally used in the second stage of grinding, and is often used in conjunction with a cyclone to form a grinding and classification process. ; Rod mill can perform fine crushing and coarse grinding operations.
Classifier: There are two types: hydrocyclone and spiral classifier. The spiral classifier is used for coarse particle classification, and the hydrocyclone is used for fine particle classification.
The flotation process is mainly used to process fine-grained cassiterite. Since cassiterite is a brittle mineral, dissociation and its own cracks will lead to over-crushing and sludge during the grinding process. Therefore, the problem can be improved through pretreatment or the selection of effective flotation reagents and equipment.
In addition, flotation is performed in a liquid. Some ions in the liquid will have a greater impact on the collector. In particular, the presence of some metal cations has a greater impact on cassiterite flotation. , its properties and existence form on the mineral surface will partially change. Therefore, during flotation, it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of ions on cassiterite flotation.
Tin ore flotation equipment is mainly based on the properties of tin ore, so the equipment required mainly includes tin ore pre-selection equipment, flotation equipment and Several flotation reagents.
Tin ore pre-selection equipment:Common pre-treatment methods include strong stirring of slurry, large diameter Hydrocyclone classification, small-diameter hydrocyclone desliming, reducing the lower limit of classification particle size and the lower limit of desliming particle size, etc. The equipment required is mainly a stirring tank and a hydrocyclone.
Tin ore flotation equipment:Tin ore flotation and mineral processing equipment mainly include mechanical agitation flotation machines and inflatable agitation flotation machines. Among them, mechanical agitation type mainly includes There are several types: SF type, JJF type and BF type; the inflatable mixing type mainly includes KYF type, XCF type, GF type and CLF coarse grain type.
Tin ore flotation reagents: Common tin ore flotation reagents are mainly collectors and regulators. The collectors include fatty acids, alkyl hydroxamic acids, phosphonic acids, alkyl sulfosuccinic acids, spleen acids, etc.; the regulators are divided into activators (sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, sodium sulfate, hydrochloric acid, soda), Several inhibitors (water glass, lime, sodium hexametaphosphate) and pH adjusters (salicylic hydroxamic acid, hydroxamic acid, P 86, pine alcohol oil).
Tin ore often contains symbiotic minerals such as iron oxide minerals and tungsten ore. This type of tin ore cannot be directly separated by gravity separation and flotation. For separation, therefore, it is necessary to first separate iron-containing materials from tin ore through magnetic separation, and then use other processes to complete tin ore separation. There are two methods of tin ore magnetic separation: wet high-intensity magnetic separation and dry magnetic separation. Wet high-intensity magnetic separation is used to remove iron from raw ores, sub-concentrates and concentrates before they enter the gravity separation operation; dry magnetic separation is used for tin ore. Separation of tungsten-containing ores in mines.
Tin ore magnetic separation equipment mainly includes wet strong magnetic separator and dry magnetic separator.
Tin Ore Wet Magnetic Separator :The large wrap angle magnetic system can increase the length of the sorting belt and the number of magnetic flips, achieving efficient separation of magnetic minerals and non-(weak) magnetic minerals.
Tin ore Dry Magnetic Separator: Since the densities of tin and tungsten are relatively large, the dry magnetic separator can be used to separate coarse-grained black and white tungsten from Cassiterite is separated, and then electroseparation is used to separate cassiterite and scheelite.
Due to the coexistence of poor, fine, miscellaneous and multi-metallic minerals mined in recent years, a single beneficiation technology can no longer satisfy the need for a variety of beneficiation methods. Combined use provides even greater advantages. The joint beneficiation technology currently used is a variety of combined processes such as gravity separation, flotation, magnetic separation and electric separation. The specific method of joint selection depends on the properties of tin ore. The mineral processing equipment is the same as above.
Due to the continuous development of mining and beneficiation technology, most of the cassiterite Ore veins have been mined and utilized, but low-grade, complex-composition gangue veins are less utilized. Chemical beneficiation methods can be used to process these ores. Currently commonly used chemical beneficiation methods include: sulfide roasting, chloride roasting and roasting-leaching.
When the oxides of iron and tin in the tin ore are closely symbiotic, the chlorination roasting method can be used. The low-grade tin ore is first mixed with carbon powder and calcium oxide to form particles, and then roasted. The generated stannous chloride is converted into metallic tin after being absorbed by a special absorbent in the refractory tank. Depending on the grade and characteristics of the ore, different chemical beneficiation methods can be selected.
The above are the common tin ore beneficiation process methods and the types of beneficiation equipment required for tin ore. In the actual mineral processing plant, how to choose the tin ore beneficiation process and equipment depends on the properties of the ore. Therefore, the editor recommends conducting a tin ore beneficiation test first, and designing a suitable process plan and complete set of tin ore beneficiation equipment through test analysis.
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